Epidemiology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy (ABU) is poorly understood and neglected in developing countries. It causes certain lethal maternal and fetal consequences if left untreated including low weighted births, premature delivery, full-blown urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis. Objective: Our aim was to explore such factors having bad impact on pregnancy associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria and aware our community about these unspoken perils so that ABU likelihood may be reduced. Prevalence varies country to country. Developing and low economic countries are suffered more than developed so thereby upgrading and providing basic amenities of life the risk factors may be reduced. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out in department of pathology PUMHSW. Sample size was 377, all selected were 18 years and above. All urinary samples were collected in sterile container and labeled and immediately transported to microbiology laboratory. Dipstick test, wet mount microscopy and Gram's staining were done. Blood, MacConkey's agar was inoculated and streaked with inoculi. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Samples found unlabeled (02) and contaminated (03) were dropped from study. A total of 372 were study samples. The most of patients were Gram negative 65(90.20%) predominantly Enterobacteriocae. When cultured, 72 were found growth positive (mixed plus pure) while 300 were negative. Risk factors were assayed in culture positive patients (ABU). A large number of patients (74%) belonged to lower economic class. Most common age group varied from 26-30 years (43%). Third trimester was the most common found in 37 patients ((49.3%). Gravid (G3 or more) were strong risk factors and were 55(73.3%). Most of patients were illiterate 65 (90.27%). The past history of UTI was a significant risk 46(63.88%) while anemia was found statistically insignificant 17(23.61). Conclusion: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is frequent in pregnant females and significantly increased when compounded by past history of UTI and low socioeconomic status. Therefore, it is necessary for mothers to be screened for ABU. There is a need of rapid and reliable screening methods so that upcoming disease burden can be reduced.

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“…Anemia was detected in 7 (10.0%) patients showing statistically insignificance corroborates with Indian study [18,24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…This variation may be due to differences in sample size, study type population geographical, socioeconomic and educational status [15]. The mean age was 29.32±5.74 years closely found in a study conducted by Goruntla et al [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Risk Factors during Pregnancy for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

Sial

Detho

Memon³

et al. 2021

JPRI

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“…The total recorded frequency of ASB in Egypt [25] was 10%. Another study at Andhra Pradesh India shows the prevalence of ASB 6.4% [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria, Prevalence Report during Antenatal Period at Pumhsw Nawabshah, Pakistan

Sial

Tanwani

Detho

et al. 2021

JPRI

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Objective: The aim of study is the determination of prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria during antenatal period in PUMHSW, with prevalence of antenatal asymptomatic bacteriuria in neighboring countries. Methodology: This study is Cross Sectional-Prospective, and conducted at the Department of Pathology Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences (PUMHS) for Women Nawabshah (Shaheed Benazir Abad). All the samples (417) were obtained from the pregnant women attending the Outpatient Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics PUMHS Hospital Nawabshah.All mid-stream clean catch collected urine sample in sterile container processed for urine detailed report (physical, chemical and microscopic examination).All the demographic details were entered and analyzed by SPSS 20.More than 8 international as well as national databases were searched to the year 2020, consisting of google, Pub-med, Science direct, Web of Science, Medline. The data obtained were analyzed and their results reported with a random-effects model with confidence level 95%. Result: Out of 417 patients the mean age of the pregnant female was 29.32± 5.74 years.There were females with mean parity of 2.66 ±2.42 and mean gestational age was25.84± 11.80.Age when compared with asymptomatic bacteriuria revealed statistically significant value p value 0.000 with an increased incidence seen among age group of 26-30yrs n=33(44%). The total prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) was 83(19.9%).Age when compared with asymptomatic bacteriuria revealed statistically significant value p value 0.000 with an increased incidence seen among age group of 26-30yrs. Conclusion: Asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy is increasingly found in younger age women, with increasing gestational age. Therefore urine cultures during antenatal period should be done to diagnose asymptomatic bacteriuria in order to make preventative planning and control of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women.

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“…[ 30 31 32 33 ] Resistance to drugs like amoxicillin and amoxicillin can be attributed to their irrational usage and empirical prescription of these drugs over the years. [ 34 35 36 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic bacteriuria of pregnant women in a tertiary care centre

Totadhri

Lakshmanan

et al. 2022

Journal of Education and Health Promotion

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BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is commonly seen during pregnancy due to the various morphological, hormonal, and physiological changes the body undergoes. If left undiagnosed, it can lead to conditions such as pyelonephritis and preterm delivery which could culminate in causing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence, risk factors, microbial profile, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns associated with ASB in a tertiary healthcare center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out where 150 urine samples were obtained from pregnant women within the gestational age of 13–36 weeks. Randomized stratified sampling was the method of sampling used. A questionnaire was also administered to them to determine potential risk factors. The samples were cultured and identified using biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square test. The graphs and tables were generated using Microsoft Excel and Word. RESULTS: Out of the 150 samples that were obtained, 8 samples had significant bacteriuria which is a prevalence of 5.33%. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated organism accounting to 45% of the isolates. The other organisms that were isolated were Enterococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS), Candida albicans, and Group B Streptococcus which measured to 11% of the total distribution each. In the antibiotic sensitivity tests, among the gram-negative isolates, marked resistance to Ampicillin and Amoxycillin along with sensitivity to Cotrimoxazole and Nitrofurantoin. Of the gram-positive isolates, there was sensitivity to Ampicillin and Nitrofurantoin. A positive correlation was seen between the age groups of 23–27 and the prevalence of ASB. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ASB in this study shows that ASB is not uncommon in the population. Despite the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and National Health Mission recommendations to make urine check-ups a routine, it not carried out, possibly due to cost implications. However, it poses a risk for severe maternal and fetal outcomes and hence, should be screened for on a regular basis. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of screening pregnant women for ASB for promoting better maternal and fetal health.

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Epidemiology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 6 publications

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Risk Factors during Pregnancy for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

Risk Factors during Pregnancy for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria, Prevalence Report during Antenatal Period at Pumhsw Nawabshah, Pakistan

Asymptomatic bacteriuria of pregnant women in a tertiary care centre

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