2022
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063703
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Epidemiology, diagnostics and factors associated with mortality during a cholera epidemic in Nigeria, October 2020–October 2021: a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data

Abstract: ObjectivesNigeria reported an upsurge in cholera cases in October 2020, which then transitioned into a large, disseminated epidemic for most of 2021. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology, diagnostic performance of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits and the factors associated with mortality during the epidemic.DesignA retrospective analysis of national surveillance data.Setting33 of 37 states (including the Federal Capital Territory) in Nigeria.ParticipantsPersons who met cholera case definition (a perso… Show more

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Cited by 18 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Like the previous cholera outbreaks, the northern region of Nigeria, particularly the North-East region, disproportionately accounted for a higher burden from the outbreak. Consistent with existing literature [ 4 , 5 ], the substantial burden of the cholera outbreak in the North-East was partly attributed to the Boko Haram insurgency [ 3 ], which has exacerbated the already poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services, living conditions and population congestion in the region [ 6 ]. Insurgency in the region is also believed to have weakened the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system for infectious diseases, especially regarding surveillance data collection and transmission at the community level, leading to an underestimation of disease burden [ 7 ].…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 64%
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“…Like the previous cholera outbreaks, the northern region of Nigeria, particularly the North-East region, disproportionately accounted for a higher burden from the outbreak. Consistent with existing literature [ 4 , 5 ], the substantial burden of the cholera outbreak in the North-East was partly attributed to the Boko Haram insurgency [ 3 ], which has exacerbated the already poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services, living conditions and population congestion in the region [ 6 ]. Insurgency in the region is also believed to have weakened the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system for infectious diseases, especially regarding surveillance data collection and transmission at the community level, leading to an underestimation of disease burden [ 7 ].…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 64%
“…It is therefore not surprising that HCWs in Bauchi State had higher knowledge scores and lower odds of inadequate knowledge of cholera vaccination than their Adamawa State counterparts. This is because Bauchi State has consistently accounted for higher absolute number of cholera cases than any other state in Nigeria in the latest cholera outbreaks in Nigeria [ 2 , 3 ]. Expectedly, Bauchi State has witnessed more characterised by frequent vaccination campaigns than Adamawa State [ 36 , 37 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…This study benefitted by the availability of detailed surveillance data, which provided a line list of cases by date and district of origin, age, sex, and subcounty. It also benefited by a relatively small number of cases when compared with other countries, like The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Nigeria 22,23 or Ethiopia, 24 which, in some years, reports many thousands of cases. In Uganda, cholera occurs during defined outbreaks, and there does not appear to be yearround cholera in any area of the country.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since its documented emergence in 1972, cholera has sporadically affected Nigeria, with outbreaks particularly prevalent in the Northern states. The country faced its biggest cholera epidemic in a decade in 2021 [1]. The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) recorded 3604 fatalities and a total of 109,189 suspected cases as of December 19, 2021 [2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%