Epidemiology of bicycle injuries and risk factors for serious injury.

Rivara, Frederick; Thompson, Donovan J.; Thompson, Robert S.

doi:10.1136/ip.3.2.110

Cited by 159 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Four studies were conducted in Australia, 34 -36, 41 4 in the United States, 23,39,42,44 3 in Canada, 18, 37, 40 1 in Norway, 38 and 2 in Taiwan. 43,45 Study designs included 9 case-control 18, 23, 35 -37, 42 -45 and 1 retrospective cohort.…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38 Four did not self-identify as case-control studies, but conducted predetermined comparisons of severely and less severely injured bicyclists 34,41 or comparisons of bicyclists with head injuries and those with other injuries. 39,40 The majority were conducted in a pediatric population, and 3 studies 18,23,34 included all age groups while providing subgroup data for children and adolescents. Five studies were published within the last 10 years, 18,34,37,41,45 8 were published over 10 up to and including 20 years ago, 23, 36, 38, 40, 42 -44 and 2 over 20 years ago.…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five studies were published within the last 10 years, 18,34,37,41,45 8 were published over 10 up to and including 20 years ago, 23, 36, 38, 40, 42 -44 and 2 over 20 years ago. 35,39 The sources of injury data were ED records, 18, 35 -37, 42, 44 trauma registries, 39,45 administrative databases, 40,41 self-reported survey data, 38,43 coroners' records, 23 and police reported crashes. 34 Bicycling injury comparisons included the following: injured with noninjured, 35,36,38,43 severely injured with less severely injured, 34 45 fatal with nonfatal injuries, 23 and injured in an MV collision with injured in other ways.…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35,39 The sources of injury data were ED records, 18, 35 -37, 42, 44 trauma registries, 39,45 administrative databases, 40,41 self-reported survey data, 38,43 coroners' records, 23 and police reported crashes. 34 Bicycling injury comparisons included the following: injured with noninjured, 35,36,38,43 severely injured with less severely injured, 34 45 fatal with nonfatal injuries, 23 and injured in an MV collision with injured in other ways. 18 Authors of the included studies defined severe injuries as police reported deaths or injuries requiring transport to hospital, 34 injuries requiring hospital admission, 37 or injuries with an International Classification of Disease Injury Severity Score (ICISS) of ≤0.941.…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight of the case-control studies received a total score of 5 or greater, 35 -37, 39 -41, 44 and we considered them to be higher quality studies because they had adequate case definitions, controls derived from the same population as the cases (control selection), and attempted to address confounding through design or analysis. The remaining case-control studies scored less than 5 18,23,34,42,43,45 and we considered them to be lower quality studies because they received inconsistent ratings across these domains. Overall, many of the case-control studies met the criteria for case definition (85%), control selection (92%), comparability (69%), exposure ascertainment (54%) and same method of exposure ascertainment for cases and controls (100%).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors for Bicycling Injuries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Embree¹,

Romanow²,

Djerboua³

et al. 2016

Pediatrics

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CONTEXT: Child and adolescent bicycling is beneficial, but injuries occur and can be severe and costly.OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the individual and environmental factors associated with bicycling injury risk in children and adolescents.DATA SOURCES: Fourteen electronic databases were searched. STUDY SELECTION:Two authors independently assessed potentially relevant articles for eligibility. The inclusion criteria were as follows: bicyclists younger than 20 years old; examined individual and environmental characteristics of bicycling crashes; compared injured and uninjured bicyclists or bicyclists with different types or severity of injury; study designs with a predetermined comparison group; and published in English from January 1990 to May 2015. The exclusion criteria were outcomes related to helmet use, helmet legislation, or mountain biking, and comparisons of census-based injury rates.DATA EXTRACTION: Data on study design, setting, population, injury definitions, injury risk factors, and results were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed by using the NewcastleOttawa Scales. RESULTS:Fourteen articles were included. Lower socioeconomic status, riding on the road, riding in rural compared with urban areas, and riding on the sidewalk were associated with bicycling injury. Bicycling safety education did not protect children against future injury. Injuries related to a motor vehicle collision were more severe than other bicycling injuries. LIMITATIONS:Study heterogeneity prevented meta-analyses. Study quality was affected by inadequate definitions of study groups and self-reported data. CONCLUSIONS:Lower socioeconomic status and riding location were associated with bicycling injury and severity increased with motor vehicle collisions. The bicycling environment is a promising avenue for prevention. Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and c Postgraduate Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Ms Embree conceptualized and designed the study selection and data extraction processes and tools, coordinated study selection, assessed articles for inclusion, extracted and analyzed data, drafted the initial manuscript, and revised the manuscript; Ms Romanow conceptualized and designed the review, carried out the literature searches, and critically reviewed the manuscript; Ms Djerboua assessed articles for inclusion, extracted and analyzed data, and critically reviewed the manuscript; Ms Morgunov conceptualized and designed the review, carried out the literature searches, assessed articles for inclusion, drafted the initial Bicycling is an excellent form of physical activity for children and adolescents and an environmentally friendly form of transportation. 1, 2 However, bicyclists constitute 2% to 8% of child road traffic-related deaths and 3% to 15% of child road traffic-related injuries worldwide. 3 In Canada, bicycling injuries are among the top 3 causes of unintentional injury hospitaliz...

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Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors for Bicycling Injuries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Embree¹,

Romanow²,

Djerboua³

et al. 2016

Pediatrics

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Bicycle Trauma Injuries and Hospital Admissions in the United States, 1998-2013

Sanford

McCulloch

Callcut

et al. 2015

JAMA

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Cycling is associated with many health benefits, but also with the risk of injury. Trends in bicycle-related injuries are difficult to assess because the majority of nonfatal injuries sustained while cycling are not reported to police and thus are not included in traffic statistics. 1 We sought to evaluate trends in adult cycling injuries and hospital admissions in the United States using emergency department data.Methods | The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) is a national probability sample of approximately 100 emergency departments that gathers product-related injury data. 2 We queried the NEISS for injuries associated with bicycles (codes 5033 and 5040) from 1998 to 2013. The University of California, San Francisco, institutional review board gave the study exempt status.The number of bicycle-related injuries in adults aged 18 years or older was recorded in 2-year intervals. We used the NEISS complex sample design to calculate population projections of cycling-related injuries, which were then divided by US Census data to produce incidence per 100 000 persons. Adjustment for age was performed using the direct method.

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2007

Unexpected Death in Childhood

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Epidemiology of bicycle injuries and risk factors for serious injury.

Abstract: Prevention of serious bicycle injuries cannot be accomplished through helmet use alone, and may require separation of cyclists from motor vehicles, and delaying cycling until children are developmentally ready.

Cited by 159 publications

References 4 publications

Risk Factors for Bicycling Injuries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Risk Factors for Bicycling Injuries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Bicycle Trauma Injuries and Hospital Admissions in the United States, 1998-2013

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