Epidemiology of the M-component immunoglobulin types of multiple myeloma

Abstract

The purpose of this population-based case-control study was to learn whether risk factors differ for the individual immunoglobulin types of multiple myeloma. In particular, we sought to determine whether IgA and IgG myeloma were related to a history of exposure to reported IgA- and IgG-stimulating conditions, respectively, or to a history of selected occupational and physicochemical exposures. The M-component immunoglobulin type was determined from immunoelectrophoresis as reported in medical records, and exposure status was obtained through in-person interviews. IgG (56 percent) and IgA (22 percent) M-components predominated. For 17 percent of cases, no peak was found on immunoelectrophoresis; they were presumed to have light-chain myeloma. Persons with these three types of myeloma did not differ with respect to distributions of age or race, but a somewhat higher proportion of light-chain cases were women (58 percent cf 45 percent of all other cases). Detailed analysis of the IgA and IgG subtypes provided little evidence that they differ with respect to prior immune stimulation or employment in several specific jobs. IgA myeloma, but not IgG myeloma, was associated modestly with a history of exposure to chest and dental X-rays. Our study provides little evidence that IgA and IgG myeloma differ with respect to the risk factors examined.

Cancer/Testis Antigen Expression Panel Incorporating MAGEC1 and BAGE2 Predicts Multiple Myeloma Disease Stage and Severity

“…In total, 39 patients were included, representing the continuum from MGUS to SMM: 5 MGUS, 8 stage I, 5 stage II and 21 stage III MM patients. The distribution of Ig subtype in the patient population correlated well with previous studies [29], with a slight male gender bias of 1.2:1 for this cohort also being typical for MM reported cases internationally [30]. The considerably earlier average age of only 59.4 yrs (33-84 yrs range) compared to 69 was however unexpected [31].…”

Central nervous system myelomatosis: review of the literature

“…The expression of IgD or a biclonal paraprotein is observed in approximately 2% of the MM patients, while IgA is observed in approximately 22% of the MM patients (86–88). Petersen et al.…”

“…The expression of IgD or a biclonal paraprotein is observed in approximately 2% of the MM patients, while IgA is observed in approximately 22% of the MM patients (86)(87)(88). Petersen et al found IgD paraprotein in 12% and IgA paraprotein in 28% of the 54 CNS MM patients, suggesting an overexpression of both IgA and IgD in CNS MM.…”

Hodgkin Lymphoma, Multiple Myeloma, Soft Tissue Sarcomas, Insect Repellents, and Phenoxyherbicides

“…Farming as an occupation was associated with MM in studies from Canada, 29 New Zealand, 20,33 England, 23 the United States, 25,27 and Italy 44 (cultivation of apples and pears only). Brown et al 84 and Brownson and Reif 19 found no association between MM and farming in Iowa and Missouri, respectively.…”

“…The same group reported significant associations between "high" exposure to pesticides and both IgA and IgG lymphoma. 27 In an Italian study, 44 herbicides were not associated with MM but chlorinated insecticides and DDT were. A nested case-control mortality study 28 found that herbicide or insecticide exposures were not independent predictors but increased the statistically significant odds ratio related to farming.…”