Epidural anaesthesia attenuates the catecholamine response to hypoventilation

Stevens, Rosemary; Lineberry, Paul J.; Arcario, T.; Bacon, Glenn S.; Cress, Larry W.

doi:10.1007/bf03006622

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A reduction in plasma norepinephrine concentration is an index of reduced tissue sympathetic activity. 27 A substantial decrease in plasma epinephrine concentration is an index of sympatholysis at the adrenal glands, which form part of the sympathetic nervous system and are supplied by nerves from T6 to L1. Because the liver and small intestine are supplied from the same autonomic segments as the adrenal glands, this proves sympatholysis of the splanchnic organs.…”

Section: Methodological Critiquementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of epidural anaesthesia on intestinal oxygenation in pigs †

Vagts

Iber

Szabó

et al. 2003

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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Section: Methodological Critiquementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of epidural anaesthesia on intestinal oxygenation in pigs †

Vagts

Iber

Szabó

et al. 2003

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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“…Nevertheless, bradypnea followed, and the pigs needed manual ventilation until the endotracheal tube was connected to the ventilator in the surgical ward. Bradypnea causes a large catecholamine release, 22 and consequently, tachycardia and hyperglycaemia. In the present experiment, the effects of propofol per se on carbohydrate metabolism could not be evaluated with certainty, since the bradypnea may have affected the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaesthesia and changes in parameters that reflect glucose metabolism in pigs – a pilot study

2016

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Pigs are commonly used in diabetes research due to their many physiological similarities to humans. They are especially useful in imaging procedures because of their large size. However, to achieve imaging procedures the pig must lie completely still, and thus needs to be anaesthetized. Most anaesthetic drugs used in laboratory animals affect carbohydrate metabolism by the inhibition of insulin release. The aim of this pilot study was primarily to develop an anaesthetic protocol for pigs that did not have an effect on blood glucose levels throughout the 3 h of anaesthesia; and secondly, to evaluate the most promising protocol in combination with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Two anaesthetic protocols were used in four growing pigs. Intravenous propofol infusion caused hyperglycaemia in three out of four pigs within 5-10 min after induction and was therefore excluded. Intravenous infusion with tiletamine, zolazepam and butorphanol (TZB) for 3 h did not affect blood glucose levels. The pigs underwent OGTT twice, once without anaesthesia and once with TZB induction after glucose intake. Anaesthesia during OGTT resulted in a lower area under the curve (AUC) of glucose ( P < 0.05), higher AUC of glucagon ( P < 0.05) and an insulin response less than 10% of that during OGTT without anaesthesia. In conclusion, long-term infusion anaesthesia with TZB does not affect glucose homeostasis in pigs. However, the protocol is not effective when combined with OGTT, as glucose, insulin and glucagon levels are affected.

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“…Sympathetic mediators such as epinephrine and norepinephrine may induce increased cytokine release of immune cells 15 and enhance migration of immune cells to inflammation sites as well as the degree of plasma extravasation. 16 Sympathetic blockage of the adrenal medulla by thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) decreases the plasma concentration of epinephrine 17,18 and therefore may modulate the inflammation cascade, whereas effects on mortality remain unambiguous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%