Epigenetics and Aging

Abstract

Aging is an inevitable Biological phenomenon determined by genetic and epigenetic processes. Various studies have indicated aging is associated with progressive changes in epigenetics. Epigenetics is a dynamic process like aging and is affected by DNA methylation, histone acetylation, post translational modifications of histone proteins and varied non-coding RNA expression. These can turn on or off the genetic expression of a particular set of DNA and defects in them lead to aberrant gene expression and genomic instability. Growing number of studies have found out that these epigenomes can be modified by environmental influences, like dietary supplements, exposure to pollutants, caloric intake and biological stress. These epigenetic processes which are transgenerationally inheritable make the cellular organisms prone to aging and senescence. As these epigenetic markers are potentially modifiable, these new studies have opened up innovative therapeutic interventions in aging and other geriatric associated diseases such as Diabetes mellitus type 2, cancer, etc. The aim of this literature review is to give a brief summary of the relation between aging and modifiable factors affecting epigenetics. In the end, we highlight the different measures which are preventive and curative to arrest or modify or reverse the aging.

Injectable Hydrogels: A Paradigm Tailored with Design, Characterization, and Multifaceted Approaches

“…[490] The primary biomaterials employed in this field are HA [491,492] and collagen, [493] commonly used as facial fillers to fill wrinkles, restore volume loss, and contour facial features like the cheeks, lips, and nose for a more youthful and balanced appearance. [494,495] The hydrophilic HA fillers exhibit elastic behavior to maintain a shapely structure under facial movement stress while enhancing local tissue hydration. Compared to naturally occurring HA, such fillers are more resistant to degradation for longer duration (in vivo).…”