Epilepsy Surgery for Focal Cortical Dysplasia: Clinicopathological Correlates and Advances in Neuroimaging.

Abstract

Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Long-term seizure outcome after epilepsy surgery in patients with mild malformation of cortical development and focal cortical dysplasia Chapter 3 Cognitive functioning after epilepsy surgery in children with mild malformation of cortical development and focal cortical dysplasia Chapter 4 Seven tesla MRI Improves detection of focal cortical dysplasia in patients with refractory focal epilepsy Chapter 5 7 tesla T 2 *-weighted MRI as a tool to improve detection of focal cortical Dysplasia-a case series Chapter 6 Changes in vascular density in resected tissue of 97 patients with focal cortical dysplasia or TSC-related cortical tubers Chapter 7 Correlation between in vivo and ex vivo multimodal high field MRI and histopathological parameters in cortical dysplasias Chapter 8 Summary and general discussion Appendices References Nederlandse samenvatting 148 Dankwoord 161 Curriculum Vitae 166 List of publications 167 Figure 1. Examples of histological findings in mMCD and FCD. A: NeuN/mMCD type 2. Normal cytoarchitecture of cortical layers II-VI, but excess neurons in molecular layer (top of figure) and in white matter (bottom of figure). B: NeuN/FCD IA. abnormal radial cortical lamination, with typical microcolumnar organisation. C: NeuN/FCD IIB. In FCD II subtypes there is often complete disruption of cortical layering, and loss of grey/white matter border. D: SMI32/FCD IIA. Immature, dysmorphic neurons with abnormal orientation and positive staining by SMI32 characterise FCD IIA. E: Vimentin/FCD IIB. Typical balloon cells, large undifferentiated cells lacking Nissl substance, and positive Vimentin staining.