Epilogue

A Socio-legal Analysis of Gender-based Victimization, Misogyny and the Hate Crime Paradigm in England and Wales

“…Similarly, reports indicate that up to 70% of women globally have experienced physical and/or sexual violence from an intimate partner specifically (Who, 2013). patriarchy is evident in much of this violence, particularly when it is fatal; most domestic murders of women are by their male partner (aldridge & browne, 2003;howarth, Stimpson, barran, & robinson, 2009;howe & alaattinoğlu, 2018). often, the reasons given are indicative of male entitlement: threats to his "honour" through her supposed insubordination, promiscuity or infidelity; her rejecting him; her requesting a separation and so forth (dobash, dobash, & Cavanagh, 2009;howe, 2018).…”

“…patriarchy is evident in much of this violence, particularly when it is fatal; most domestic murders of women are by their male partner (aldridge & browne, 2003;howarth, Stimpson, barran, & robinson, 2009;howe & alaattinoğlu, 2018). often, the reasons given are indicative of male entitlement: threats to his "honour" through her supposed insubordination, promiscuity or infidelity; her rejecting him; her requesting a separation and so forth (dobash, dobash, & Cavanagh, 2009;howe, 2018). family relations can make it difficult for victims to escape abuse, particularly if there is an expectation that women will remain in a relationship or face wider family abuse or condemnation (gill, 2014).…”