Epinephrine affects gene expression levels and has a complex effect on biofilm formation in Micrococcus luteus strain C01 isolated from human skin

Abstract

In this study, the effect of epinephrine on the biofilm formation of Micrococcus luteus C01 isolated from human skin was investigated in depth for the first time. This hormone has a complex effect on biofilms in various systems. In a system with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) cubes, treatment with epinephrine at a physiological concentration of 4.9 × 10 −9 M increased the total amount of 72-h biofilm biomass stained with crystal violet and increased the metabolic activity of biofilms, but at higher and lower concentrations, the treatment had no significant effect. On glass fiber filters, treatment with the hormone decreased the number of colony forming units (CFUs) and changed the aggregation but did not affect the metabolic activity of biofilm cells. In glass bottom plates examined by confocal microscopy, epinephrine notably inhibited the growth of biofilms. RNA-seq analysis and RT–PCR demonstrated reproducible upregulation of genes encoding Fe–S cluster assembly factors and cyanide detoxification sulfurtransferase, whereas genes encoding the co-chaperone GroES, the LysE superfamily of lysine exporters, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase and the potential c-di-GMP phosphotransferase were downregulated. Our results suggest that epinephrine may stimulate matrix synthesis in M. luteus biofilms, thereby increasing the activity of NAD(H) oxidoreductases. Potential c-di-GMP pathway proteins are essential in these processes.

Candida albicans biofilm formation and growth optimization for functional studies using response surface methodology

“…To identify the optimum conditions for biofilm formation on 96‐well microtiter plate (Axiva Volex), different parameters, media pH (4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5), shaker speed (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 rpm), incubation temperature (25, 30, 35, 40, 45°C), incubation time (7, 25, 42, 60, 77 h) and inoculum size (1%, 4%, 7%, 10%, 13%) were optimized on 96‐well polystyrene microtiter plates. The parameter ranges were chosen based on published reports (Anaissie et al, 1991; Chevalier et al, 2018; Davis et al, 2000; Du et al, 2012; Du & Huang, 2016; Gannesen et al, 2021; Pumeesat et al, 2017; Vylkova et al, 2011). The independent parameters were designated as (1) Temperature, (2) pH, (3) Incubation period, (4) Inoculum size and (5) Shaker speed.…”

Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Affects Growth and Stress Tolerance of Representatives of the Human Microbiome, Micrococcus luteus C01 and Alcaligenes faecalis DOS7

“…Gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus luteus C01 isolated from human skin [ 15 , 37 , 38 , 39 ] and Gram-negative bacteria Alcaligenes faecalis DOS7 isolated from fecal waste were used as representatives of the human microbiota. These bacteria were cultivated under microaerophilic conditions in 2 mL closed plastic tubes with 1 mL of medium with stirring at a temperature of 34 °C ( M. luteus ) or 37 °C ( A. faecalis ).…”

“…The objects of the study were Gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus luteus C01, isolated from human skin [ 15 ] and Gram-negative bacteria Alcaligenes faecalis DOS7, isolated from fecal waste.…”

“…It is important to study the regulatory interactions of microorganisms that form complex multispecies biofilms on human skin [ 6 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The skin is the human body’s largest organ, containing hundreds of microbial genera [ 17 ].…”

“…The aim of this work was to study the effect of the natriuretic peptide BNP on the growth and stress resistance of the human microbiota. Based on the promising results of previous studies on the effect of hormones on vital functions and biofilm formation [ 15 , 37 , 38 , 39 ] and some beneficial biotechnological features (for use in cosmetology, agriculture, and waste management), two bacteria, Micrococcus luteus C01 and Alcaligenes faecalis DOS7, were selected as Gram-positive and Gram-negative representatives of the human microbiome.…”