Episodic Arctic CO2 Limitation in the West Svalbard Shelf

Sanz-Martín, Marina; Chierici, Melissa; Mesa, Elena Marquez; Carrillo-de-Albornoz, Paloma; Huertas, António Delgado; Agustı́, Susana; Reigstad, Marit; Kristiansen, Svein; Wassmann, Paul; Duarte, Carlos M.

doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00221

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(89 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the dilution experiments at P3-15 m technically failed because chlorophyll concentrations declined precipitously in the diluted treatment, it should be noted that colonial P. pouchetii formed > 90% of microscopic phytoplankton abundance at this site (Sanz-Martín et al, 2018). Microzooplankton can feed on P. pouchetii as evidenced by the outcome of dilution experiments at P3-40 m and P4 and published research (Verity et al, 2007;Grattepanche et al, 2011).…”

Section: Microzooplankton Herbivorymentioning

confidence: 87%

“…A bloom of P. pouchetii accompanied by diatoms was also in progress, especially at P3. The colonial prymnesiophyte contributed 80-90% of phytoplankton abundance in the ice-covered waters (based on light microscopy, Sanz-Martín et al, 2018). In the summer a DCL at around 20-30 m was present along transect D. Nevertheless, chlorophyll concentrations were much lower in August (Figure 3A) than in May.…”

Section: Total and Mixotrophic Chlorophyll A Distributionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Microzooplankton Distribution and Dynamics in the Eastern Fram Strait and the Arctic Ocean in May and August 2014

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microzooplankton community structure, distribution, growth, and herbivory were examined in the eastern Fram Strait and Arctic Ocean shelf affected by the Atlantic water inflow in May (during the spring bloom) and August (post-bloom, summer stratification) 2014. In May, integrated microzooplankton biomass in the upper 100 m ranged from 0.16 g C m −2 above the slope to 2.3 g C m −2 within the West Spitsbergen Current (0.71 g C m −2 on average), where it peaked in the mixed layer at 206 µg C L −1 . This is the highest volumetric microzooplankton biomass recorded so far in the Arctic. It primarily consisted of mixotrophic oligotrich ciliates from the genus Strombidium, which were dominant in the spring and formed a surface bloom (79 × 10 3 cells L −1 ). The heterotrophic dinoflagellates Gyrodinium and Protoperidinium were abundant at the diatom-dominated stations in the ice-covered waters during both seasons. In the summer, a more diverse community included a large proportion of heterotrophic and mixotrophic dinoflagellates, tintinnids, and other ciliates. Microzooplankton biomass increased to the average of 1.27 g C m −2 . At the ice-covered and open water stations in the Yermak shelf and deep basin, microzooplankton grew at 0.04 to 0.38 d −1 ; their species-specific growth rates were up to 1.79 d −1 . Microzooplankton herbivory on average removed 72% (in two experiments > 100%) of daily primary production with the exception of samples dominated by Phaeocystis pouchetii colonies. The results indicate that microzooplankton play a significant role in the carbon cycle in this Atlantic-influenced polar system.

show abstract

Section: Microzooplankton Herbivorymentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Total and Mixotrophic Chlorophyll A Distributionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Microzooplankton Distribution and Dynamics in the Eastern Fram Strait and the Arctic Ocean in May and August 2014

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A larger inflow of well-oxygenated Atlantic water will also result in lower potential for denitrification to take place. Several studies show that increased CO 2 concentrations enhance primary production in spring in this area (Holding et al, 2015;Sanz-Martín et al, 2018), which would allow larger DIC uptake through biological CO 2 consumption. In that case, progressing ocean acidification in the surface water would be mitigated fully or partly by biological CO 2 consumption.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The daily total production estimate (C BIOTOT ) for May range between 0.11 and 0.16 mol C m −2 d −1 (1.4-2.0 g C m −2 d −1 ). Sanz-Martín et al (2018) estimated total production (Gross Primary Production, GPP) west and north of Svalbard in May 2014. They used oxygen (O 2 ) production in incubations with water collected from the spring-bloom conditions.…”

Section: Succession Of the Bloom And Variability In Primary Productivmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This will have consequences for the carbon export, ocean CO 2 uptake, anticipated consequences for the marine organisms and ecosystems around the Svalbard Archipelago. For example, several studies suggest that increased CO 2 in the Arctic Ocean would increase and stimulate spring bloom production (Holding et al, 2015;Sanz-Martín et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Net Community Production and Carbon Exchange From Winter to Summer in the Atlantic Water Inflow to the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The eastern Fram Strait and area north of Svalbard, are influenced by the inflow of warm Atlantic water, which is high in nutrients and CO 2 , influencing the carbon flux into the Arctic Ocean. However, these estimates are mainly based on summer data and there is still doubt on the size of the net ocean Arctic CO 2 sink. We use data on carbonate chemistry and nutrients from three cruises in 2014 in the CarbonBridge project (January, May, and August) and one in Fram Strait (August). We describe the seasonal variability and the major drivers explaining the inorganic carbon change (C DIC ) in the upper 50 m, such as photosynthesis (C BIO ), and air-sea CO 2 exchange (C EXCH ). Remotely sensed data describes the evolution of the bloom and net community production. The focus area encompasses the meltwater-influenced domain (MWD) along the ice edge, the Atlantic water inflow (AWD), and the West Spitsbergen shelf (SD). The C BIO total was 2.2 mol C m −2 in the MWD derived from the nitrate consumption between January and May. Between January and August, the C BIO was 3.0 mol C m −2 in the AWD, thus C BIO between May and August was 0.8 mol C m −2 . The ocean in our study area mainly acted as a CO 2 sink throughout the period. The mean CO 2 sink varied between 0.1 and 2.1 mol C m −2 in the AWD in August. By the end of August, the AWD acted as a CO 2 source of 0.7 mol C m −2 , attributed to vertical mixing of CO 2 -rich waters and contribution from respiratory CO 2 as net community production declined. The oceanic CO 2 uptake (C EXCH ) from the atmosphere had an impact on C DIC between 5 and 36%, which is of similar magnitude as the impact of the calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 , C CALC ) dissolution of 6-18%. C CALC was attributed to be caused by a combination of the sea-ice ikaite dissolution and dissolution of advected CaCO 3 shells from the south. Indications of denitrification were observed, associated with sea-ice meltwater and bottom shelf processes. C BIO played a major role (48-89%) for the impact on C DIC .

show abstract

Do skeletal Mg/Ca ratios of Arctic rhodoliths reflect atmospheric CO2 concentrations?

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rhodolith-forming coralline red algal species Lithothamnion glaciale is the key ecosystem engineer of rhodolith beds on the coast of Svalbard. Because it significantly increases local biodiversity in this high-Arctic environment, we investigate the potential impact of changing environmental parameters on its calcite skeleton. Using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and environmental data from the Norwegian government’s environmental monitoring, we show that the magnesium concentration within an analysed algal calcite skeleton decreases linearly and significantly over a 40-year time span (R2 = 0.267, pperm < 0.001). Mg/Ca ratios show the most significant correlation with atmospheric CO2 concentrations (R2 = 0.614, p < 0.001), and lower correlations to sea ice cover and seawater temperature. This raises the question of whether the Mg/Ca in the rhodolith skeleton is reflecting an increase in aqueous pCO2 that drives ongoing ocean acidification. Since such a change in geochemistry may alter the stability of the calcite skeleton, our results could imply an impact on the future role of the rhodoliths as ecosystem engineers and consequently on Arctic biodiversity.

show abstract

Episodic Arctic CO2 Limitation in the West Svalbard Shelf

Cited by 6 publications

References 71 publications

Microzooplankton Distribution and Dynamics in the Eastern Fram Strait and the Arctic Ocean in May and August 2014

Microzooplankton Distribution and Dynamics in the Eastern Fram Strait and the Arctic Ocean in May and August 2014

Net Community Production and Carbon Exchange From Winter to Summer in the Atlantic Water Inflow to the Arctic Ocean

Do skeletal Mg/Ca ratios of Arctic rhodoliths reflect atmospheric CO2 concentrations?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About