Episodic Excessive Blinking in Children

Mali, Yasmin P.; Simon, John W.; Chaudhri, Imran; Zobal-Ratner, Jitka; Barry, Gerard P.

doi:10.3928/01913913-20150929-18

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To date, studies have shown that excessive blinking in children is rarely an indication of a neurological disorder and usually resolves over time without intervention [ 25 ]. However, in clinical practice, the number of children with abnormal blinking as the main complaint is increasing, and the clinical symptoms are often reported as frequent or forced blinking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video display terminal use and other risk factors for abnormal blinking in children: gender differences

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2021

BMC Ophthalmol

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Objective To explore the risk factors for abnormal blinking in children and compare these between boys and girls. Methods Children attending the Children's Optometry Clinic between June 2019 and June 2020 were recruited for the study. The time they had spent viewing video displays (VDTt) over the past 6 months was recorded. Incomplete blinking (IB) and blinking rate were measured and all participants were allocated to groups based on their blink rate (<20 times/min = normal blinking group, NBG; ≥20 times/min = abnormal blinking group, ABG). Tear film (TF) stability was also evaluated. The corresponding statistical methods are used to analyze the data. Results A total of 87 boys and 80 girls were enrolled in the study. No significant difference in age was found between the 2 groups. There was a significant difference in TF stability between the two groups (P<0.05). According to binary logistic analysis, VDTt and ocular protection index (OPI) are important risk factors for abnormal blinking, with cut-off values of 1.75 hours and 1.014 respectively in boys; and 1.25 hours and 1.770 respectively in girls. The average of lipid layer thickness was an important protective factor for children using VDT for long periods, with a cut-off value of 58.5 nm in boys and 53.5nm in girls. Conclusion Risk factors for abnormal blinking in both boys and girls include VDTt and OPI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video display terminal use and other risk factors for abnormal blinking in children: gender differences

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2021

BMC Ophthalmol

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“…In children, excessive blinking is most frequently a functional and even transient disease, and it resolves spontaneously ( 3 ). However, excessive blinking, photosensitivity and blepharospasms may be the first clinical manifestation of a relevant disease, such as ophthalmic or neurological disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report: A relevant misdiagnosis: Photosensitive epilepsy mimicking a blinking tic

Burlo

Barbi²,

Carrozzi³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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Blinking in children is most frequently a functional and transient symptom. Nonetheless, sometimes it is the first clinical manifestation of a neurological disorder. The differential diagnosis between voluntary actions, tics and other neurological disorders among which seizures may be challenging and misdiagnosis is common. A 6-year-old girl in good health was admitted for a recent history of bilateral eye blinking. Blinking did not interfere with the girl's activities. The patients reported that blinking seemed to be triggered by sunlight exposure and that girl sometimes seemed to be attracted by the sunlight. Ophthalmological diseases had been already excluded. The girl was addressed to our hospital for neurological consultation, as tic disease was considered the most probable hypothesis. Neurological examination was negative. In the field of differential diagnosis of photosensitive abnormal eyelid movements, the hypothesis of seizures was explored and further investigated with a video-EEG recording with light stimulation. This exam demonstrated a photoparoxysmal response (PPR) to intermittent photic stimulation with appearance on EEG of bilateral spike and polyspike waves associated with eyelid jerks. This girl suffers from generalized epilepsy with photosensitivity. Photosensitivity is a common feature of many epilepsy syndromes, mainly occurring in children and adolescents. To control the seizures, it is essential to avoid the triggering stimulus, by wearing specific glasses. Additional antiseizures treatment is often necessary, at first with valproate and levetiracetam, and ethosuximide, lamotrigine, and benzodiazepines as the second choice. Overlapping phenomenology of seizures and movement disorders is well known in paediatric clinical practice. Moreover, epilepsy and movement disorder may coexist, mainly in children. Seizures with semeiology limited to eye motor manifestations may mimic functional blinking, tics, and other motor events frequently observed in childhood. Differentiating seizures from other non-epileptic paroxysmal movements may be challenging and specialist evaluation is needed for proper treatment and prognostic counselling.

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The Design and Developments of Protein‐Polysaccharide Biomaterials for Corneal Tissue Engineering

Prasathkumar

Chenthamara

Lin

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Corneal blindness is explained by a large reduction in vision loss caused by acute and chronic corneal diseases and/or disorders. Due to the severe unavailability of donor corneas, immune rejection, and the side effects of keratoprosthesis (KPro), vision‐impaired patients are often unable to restore their vision. Corneal tissue engineering appears to be a promising method using natural polymers made from different layers of corneal cells such as epithelium, stroma, and endothelium or full tissue equivalents. Proteins and polysaccharides are able to mimic the chemical composition of the native extracellular matrix (ECM), which has been extensively studied for corneal tissue engineering. Additionally, protein‐based materials are highly favored in corneal regenerative therapy as they have the proper cell‐binding sites for cell adhesion, corneal innervation regeneration, and oxidative stress suppression, while polysaccharide‐based materials can also promote cell proliferation and adhesion as well as ocular permeability. Herein, a comprehensive review of various biomaterials based on natural proteins (fibrin, fibrinogen, silk fibroin, collagen, gelatin, and serum albumin) and polysaccharides (chitin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, cellulose, and gellan gum) for corneal tissue engineering are provided. The protein‐polysaccharide biomaterials are mainly used in the form of hydrogels, films, scaffolds, sutures, eye drops, nanocarriers, and nanocapsules to treat ocular diseases that cause blindness, such as corneal wounds, corneal ulcers, Goldenhar syndrome, corneal endothelium and stroma defects, corneal neovascularization, etc. In this review, insight is provided into recent developments in the areas of biomaterial design, cross‐linking strategy, corneal cell selection, and frontiers that are expected to offer researchers support and creativity in the development of corneal regenerative medicine.

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Episodic Excessive Blinking in Children

Abstract: Episodes of excessive blinking rarely indicate neurologic disorders and frequently resolve spontaneously.

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Video display terminal use and other risk factors for abnormal blinking in children: gender differences

Video display terminal use and other risk factors for abnormal blinking in children: gender differences

Case report: A relevant misdiagnosis: Photosensitive epilepsy mimicking a blinking tic

The Design and Developments of Protein‐Polysaccharide Biomaterials for Corneal Tissue Engineering

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