Epithelial transdifferentiation and cataract in the human lens

The lens as a model for fibrotic disease

“…ASC is the least prevalent form of cataract in the UK with a prevalence of 2 -3% [20,22], although ASC is more prevalent in eastern societies such as Japan and Singapore [20,23]. The occurrence of ASC is associated with several conditions that involve ocular trauma, such as impact injury, inflammation or irritation of the eye, such as atopic dermatitis [24][25][26].…”

“…Marcantonio et al [25] performed a cytochemical analysis of four ex vivo human ASCs. In this study folding and thickening of the anterior lens capsules was observed, with cells in these regions exhibiting a typical myofibroblast morphology, i.e.…”

A Prospective Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification in Eyes With Posterior Capsule Plaque�A Case-Control Study

“…Plaque formation could also be due to long-standing, exaggerated, and advanced biochemical changes, which cause epithelial cells to undergo fibrous metaplasia. 10 We now appreciate that PCO is multifactorial and influenced by factors such as patient age, presence of concomitant intraocular or systemic diseases, surgical techniques, and the IOL design used. However, the question as to whether PCO develops in eyes with coexistent posterior capsule plaque has not yet been answered.…”

“…[6][7][8] Additionally, there is a significant molecular switch in the composition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components during EMT and fibrosis. 5,9,10 The changes in the ECM components might interfere with the scaffolding required for cell migration. As maintenance of epithelial cell phenotypes and appropriate ECM is necessary for the cells to proliferate and migrate, we believe that any deviations in these conditions do not impart the requisite molecular milieu for cellular proliferation and subsequent posterior migration.…”

Fibrotic Modifications of the Lens Epithelium

“…ASC is characterised by the development of fibrotic regions underneath the anterior capsule. ASC is often linked to trauma of the eye, which includes impact injury, inflammation or irritation of the eye [8][9][10]. PCO progressively forms following cataract surgery and is the most prevalent lens fibrotic disorder [11].…”