Epizootic amebiasis outbreak in wild black howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in a wildlife facility during captivity prior to translocation - Recommendations to wildlife management programs

Genoy-Puerto, Alexander; Santos, None Renata Carolina Fernandes; Guimarães-Luiz, Thaís; Sánchez-Sarmiento, Angélica María; Zacariotti, Rogério Loesch; Catão‐Dias, José Luiz; Matushima, Eliana Reiko

doi:10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2016.108441

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…Thus, it is possible that the susceptibility of howler monkeys may have favored the higher positivity for the Entamoebidae Group in Institution E, since this place is exclusively used to breed and conserve Alouatta guariba (red howler monkey). It is worth mentioning that the diagnosis of Entamoebidae Group must be analyzed with caution, since reports of Alouatta individuals' deaths by Entamoeba histolytica have already been reported in Brazil [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal Parasites Affecting Non-Human Primates That Are Kept Ex Situ and Their Handlers in Different Brazilian Institutions: Diagnosis and Analysis of Risk Factors

Dib,

Barbosa,

da Silva

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Aim: Determining gastrointestinal parasites’ frequency in non-human primates (NHPs) and handlers in different Brazilian institutions, and associate it with management information. Methods: Different institutions in São Paulo (A), Brasília (B), Rio de Janeiro (C), Pará (D) and Santa Catarina (E) were included in the study. Fecal samples were processed by using coproparasitological techniques; information about NHP handling and professionals’ routine were collected through the use of questionnaires. Results: In total, 33.1% of 511 NHP samples were positive for parasites; the Entamoebidae Group and Strongyloides sp.-compatible eggs were the most detected protozoa and helminths, respectively. The Entamoebidae Group was mainly diagnosed in Alouatta from Institutions E and D, and was also the only parasite detected in handlers. Strongyloides-compatible eggs were mostly evident in fecal samples collected from Cebidae from Institutions B and D. Some risk factors associated with parasite infection were a high number of animals in the same enclosure and their use for research protocol purposes, whereas quarantine, a post-infection vacant period in enclosures and antiparasitic supply were categorized as protective factors against these agents’ infection. Conclusions: Parasites showing different transmission routes but concomitantly circulating in NHP institutions located in different Brazilian regions were identified in the current study, with an emphasis on those presenting zoonotic potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal Parasites Affecting Non-Human Primates That Are Kept Ex Situ and Their Handlers in Different Brazilian Institutions: Diagnosis and Analysis of Risk Factors

Dib,

Barbosa,

da Silva

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Environmental and biological drivers of prevalence and number of eggs and oocysts of intestinal parasites in red howler monkeys from Central Amazonia

et al. 2022

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Host-parasite relationships can be directly affected by host’s biological aspects and environmental factors, which influence both the survival of infective forms and the incidence of parasites. However, logistical difficulties in accessing biological samples for parasitological studies makes the Amazon Forest into a poorly known region in relation to the dynamic of parasites of wild animals. Here, using 34 red howler monkeys’ biological samples donated by local subsistence hunters from two Amazon habitat types (white-water flooded forest and upland forest) as an opportune alternative, we detected four intestinal parasite taxa infecting this species (two nematodes – Trypanoxyuris sp. and Strongyloides sp., one protozoan – Entamoeba sp. –, and one not-identified trematode, the last just found for white-water flooded forest). Trypanoxyuris was the most prevalent intestinal parasite (56.5% at flooded forest and 54.5% at upland forest). There was no difference between habitat types or individual sex regarding the prevalence for any parasite taxa. On the other hand, we found a strong influence of seasonality, with increasing prevalence of all parasite taxa as the river water level increased. In terms of egg and cyst counts, we found a difference between sexes (females > males, p = 0.002) and habitat types (upland forest > white-water flooded forest, p = 0.02), and a positive relationship with river water level (p = 0.002). Although some of these parasite taxa can be shared between humans and howlers, further investigations are necessary to study the parasites taxonomy thoroughly and to assess the potential zoonotic cross-transmission of these pathogens to local people living in the Amazon. In this study, we unveiled a seasonal effect for howler monkeys’ intestinal parasites, that also might occur in other non-human primates of the Amazon. In addition, our results on periods of high risk of intestinal parasite infection are useful to estimate future impacts of climate change on host-parasite dynamics.

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Epizootic amebiasis outbreak in wild black howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in a wildlife facility during captivity prior to translocation - Recommendations to wildlife management programs

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

Gastrointestinal Parasites Affecting Non-Human Primates That Are Kept Ex Situ and Their Handlers in Different Brazilian Institutions: Diagnosis and Analysis of Risk Factors

Gastrointestinal Parasites Affecting Non-Human Primates That Are Kept Ex Situ and Their Handlers in Different Brazilian Institutions: Diagnosis and Analysis of Risk Factors

Environmental and biological drivers of prevalence and number of eggs and oocysts of intestinal parasites in red howler monkeys from Central Amazonia

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