“…Among them, in recent years, multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) (Zheng and Xu, 2019), noise-assisted MEMD (NAMEMD) (Ahrabian et al, 2012), variational mode decomposition (VMD) (Dragomiretskiy and Zosso, 2014), successive variational mode decomposition (SVMD) (Nazari and Sakhaei, 2020), empirical wavelet transform (EWT) (Gilles, 2013;Hurat, 2020), UPEMD (Wang et al, 2018), improved UPEMD (IUPEMD) (Hurat, 2020;Ying et al, 2021;Zheng et al, 2021) have been proposed successively. The effectiveness of the above methods has been verified in mechanical fault detection, voice signal, ECG signal, and seismic signal processing (Lal et al, 2018;Zeng and Yuan, 2021;Liu et al, 2022). In order to study the influence of different EMD-based solutions on the accuracy and reliability of ECGI inverse operation, firstly, the ECGs were decomposed using the various EMD-based solutions mentioned above in this paper.…”