Epoxy resin/liquid natural rubber system: secondary phase separation and its impact on mechanical properties

Mathew, Viju Susan; Sinturel, Christophe; George, Soney C.; Thomas, Sabu

doi:10.1007/s10853-009-4154-8

Cited by 76 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…% led to formation of the domains of around 9 µm in diameter. As far as Mathew et al [30] carried out their study with just one LNR sample, we do not have any information about the influence of molar mass of LNR on morphology and properties of the LNR modified polyepoxides.…”

Section: Epoxy Modificationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Numerous publications, as for example [21,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] , are devoted to oxidative methods of degradation natural rubber. The widely used approach is degradation through the epoxidation reaction of isoprene units of the rubber polymer chain.…”

Section: Chemical Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ravindran et al [29] , Mathew et al [30] , and Radhakrishnan Nair et al [31] carried out the photochemical degradation of NR (5 wt. % solution in toluene) in sunlight or using UV-irradiation in the presence of H 2 O 2 for 50 h. In some cases [29] the reactive mixture (NR, toluene, H 2 O 2 ) was homogenized to a certain extent by the addition of methanol or tetrahydrofuran.…”

Section: Photochemical Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extent of depolymerization was found to increase with decreasing concentration of NR, increasing amount of H 2 O 2 and also by longer exposure time. The molar mass reached for liquid NR obtained in these works was in a range of 4,000-9,000 g/mol [29][30][31] . The products contained isoprene units, epoxy and hydroxyl groups in their structure.…”

Section: Photochemical Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mathew et al [30] used the low molar mass liquid natural rubber (LNR) obtained by photochemical degradation of NR for modification of epoxy resins. The formation of two-phase microstructure, consisting of spherical particles of LNR strongly bonded to the surrounding matrix, has been observed.…”

Section: Epoxy Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation of non-vulcanized natural rubber renewable resource for fine chemicals used in polymer synthesis

Fainleib

Pires²,

Lucas³

et al. 2013

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In the current scenario, there is growing interest in the products of degradation of rubber (natural and synthetic) for specific applications in different industry sectors, whose benefits in replacing conventionally used products are mainly related to sustainability. Since the degradation products of rubber can be used in different areas, several research groups may have the interest aroused by these products, but are not familiar with the aspects related to the chemical behavior of rubber. This review aims to bring together the key information in the published literature on the degradation of natural rubber, emphasizing metatheses reactions, oxidative damage and splitting of the double bond, in order to serve as a reference source for researchers from different fields interested in obtaining such kind of products. The structures and properties as well as additional chemical transformations resulting in oligomers of isoprene, functionalised oligomers and polymers based on both are also described.

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Section: Epoxy Modificationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Chemical Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photochemical Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photochemical Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epoxy Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation of non-vulcanized natural rubber renewable resource for fine chemicals used in polymer synthesis

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show abstract

Manufacture of Epoxy Resin/Liquid Rubber Blends

Serjouei

Bakar

Yang

et al. 2014

Micro‐ and Nanostructured Epoxy/Rubber Blends

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IntroductionEpoxy monomers are highly viscous liquid molecules that contain at least two or more three-membered ring structures consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms in a way that is formed, and is known as epoxy, oxirane, ethoxyline, or glycidyl group. Commercial epoxy resins contain aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic backbones. The most widely used one is epichlorohydrin and bisphenol-A derived resins. But most epoxies are thermoplastic resins that have little value until they are cured with cross-linking agents. The choice of a curing agent depends on a variety of factors including cost; processing method; curing conditions; environmental limitations; and the mechanical, chemical, electrical, and thermal properties desired in the cured resin.Epoxy resins undergo curing in the presence of many different bi-or multifunctional compounds by a ring-opening reaction, resulting in the formation of an interconnected three-dimensional molecular network. The reaction mechanism and the curing process determine the characteristics of the 3D network and its physical and mechanical properties. The reaction conditions and rate of reaction are determined by the nature of curing agent used. Certain hardeners allow a partial curing at room temperature favoring linear polymerization followed by high temperatures during the post-curing in order to produce the cross-linking [1,2]. Usually, an increase in the curing temperature tends to increase the cross-link density and thus leads to a brittle polymer. In general, polyfunctional aliphatic amines, polysulfides, and polyamidoamines are used when ambient-temperature cures are desired. In contrast, aromatic amines, anhydrides, phenolics, ureas, imidazoles, and other resinous hardeners generally require processing at elevated temperatures to effect a cure.

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Morphology Analysis by Microscopy Techniques and Light Scattering

Zhang

2014

Micro‐ and Nanostructured Epoxy/Rubber Blends

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Epoxy resin/liquid natural rubber system: secondary phase separation and its impact on mechanical properties

Cited by 76 publications

References 32 publications

Degradation of non-vulcanized natural rubber renewable resource for fine chemicals used in polymer synthesis

Degradation of non-vulcanized natural rubber renewable resource for fine chemicals used in polymer synthesis

Manufacture of Epoxy Resin/Liquid Rubber Blends

Morphology Analysis by Microscopy Techniques and Light Scattering

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