“…It is also known that when ZrO 2 is irradiated with ions with an energy above the threshold, an intense generation of anion vacancies occurs in it, which can also contribute to the formation of complex defects [ 40 , 53 , 54 ]. In the past few years, a large number of such complex defects have been studied in detail in MgO, Al 2 O 3 , and Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 crystals [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ].…”