Epstein-Barr virus DNA load in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with AIDS-related lymphoma

Bossolasco, Simona; Cinque, Paola; Ponzoni, Maurilio; Viganò, Maria Grazia; Lazzarin, Adriano; Linde, Annika; Falk, Kerstin I.

doi:10.1080/13550280260422730

Cited by 70 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The high EBV viral load in CSF (5.22 log copies/ml for the LightCycler EBV quantification kit and 4.67 log copies/ml for the RealArt EBV LC PCR kit) are in agreement with values previously reported (2,24). The LightCycler EBV quantification kit showed higher but wider distribution of viral load values than the RealArt EBV LC PCR kit.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Comparison of Commercial Real-Time PCR Assays for Quantification of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA

et al. 2005

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Clinical research suggests a role for viral load measurement in predicting and monitoring Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the recently commercially available quantitative assays for EBV based on real-time PCR: the RealArt EBV LC PCR kit and the LightCycler EBV quantification kit. A total of 87 samples were analyzed: 67 samples were obtained from transplant recipients and patients with EBV-associated diseases, 8 samples were obtained from the Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics 2002 EBV Proficiency Program, and 12 negative qualitative nested PCR samples were used as negative controls. Inter-and intra-assay variabilities were determined by running replicates of two samples. All samples were run in a LightCycler instrument. The differences between positive and negative results were not considered statistically significant (P ‫؍‬ 0.5355). There were no false-positive results using either method for nested PCR negative-control samples. The difference in viral load values using the two different methods was considered statistically significant (P < 0.01). The logarithmic linear correlation for both assays was low (r ‫؍‬ 0.449) but significant (P < 0.01). The LightCycler EBV quantification kit showed a wider dispersal in results but produced substantially more-accurate melting temperature profile curves. The bias towards lower measurements was considerable in comparison with higher viral load. The differences in PCR efficiency and the presence of mutations could explain the disparity between the two methods. It was concluded that confidence intervals would be required to report the results rather than plain absolute values of viral load for patient monitoring.Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus included in the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily and is the only human species belonging to the genus Lymphocryptovirus (11). EBV infects more than 90% of the world's population, leaving the majority of individuals with a lifelong silent infection (14). Although most primary EBV infections are asymptomatic, the virus is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis, a mild and self-limited lymphoproliferative disease (13). EBV is associated with the development of two epithelial tumors, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (5) and oral hairy leukoplakia, seen mainly in human immunodeficiency virus infection (3), as well as with various lymphoid carcinomas, lymphoproliferative disease in immunosuppressed patients, Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (25).EBV DNA is present in a small fraction of lymphoid cells, and healthy virus carriers harbor 1 to 50 EBV genomes per 10 6 mononuclear cells, with B lymphocytes representing the major cellular reservoir (9). Qualitative PCR assays are unable to distinguish between active and latent infection. Consequently, clinical interpretation of positive results is difficult. However, clinical research suggests a role for viral load measurement in predicting and monitoring EBV-associate...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Comparison of Commercial Real-Time PCR Assays for Quantification of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA

et al. 2005

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“…These results were in agreement with some previously studies which also found 30% EBV positive in their NHL cases [22], [26]. On other hand, different studies reported higher association of the EBV with NHL as high as 80% in other developing countries [27], [10].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein-1 in Jordanian Patients with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Irshaid¹,

Jaran²,

Dilmi³

et al. 2010

J. of Biological Sciences

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Abstract-The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of EBV infection in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) occurring in Jordanian patients. A total of 55 patients with lymphoma were examined in this study. Of 55 patients, 30 and 25 were diagnosed as HL and NHL, respectively. The four HL subtypes were observed with the majority of the cases exhibited the mixed cellularity (MC) subtype followed by the nodular sclerosis (NS). The high grade was found to be the commonest subtype of NHL in our sample, followed by the low grade. The presence of EBV virus was detected by immunostating for expression of latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1). The frequency of LMP-1 expression occurred more frequent in patients with HL (60.0%) than in patients with NHL (32.0%). The frequency of LMP-1 expression was also higher in patients with MC subtype (61.11%) than those patients with NS (28.57%). No age or gender difference in occurrence of EBV infection was observed among patient with HL. By contrast, the prevalence of EBV infection in NHL patients aged below 50 was lower (16.66%) than in NHL patients aged 50 or above (46.15%). In addition, EBV infection was more frequent in females with NHL (38.46%) than in male with NHL (25%). In NHL cases, the frequency of EBV infection in intermediate grade (60.0%) was high when compared with frequency of low (25%) or high grades (25%).In conclusion, analysis of LMP-1 expression indicates an important role for this viral oncogene in the pathogenesis of EBV-associated malignant lymphomas. These data also support the previous findings that people with EBV may develop lymphoma and that efforts to maintain low lymphoma should be considered for people with EBV infection.

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“…Using quantitative techniques, high CSF EBV DNA levels have been found in these settings, and viral load may be clinically useful, with high plasma EBV DNA levels also potentially predictive of CNS involvement (26,106,155). The availability of EBV PCR, in conjunction with JCV PCR (see "JCV" section above) in AIDS patients presenting with an intracranial mass has been a major advance in the management of these patients.…”

Section: Ii) Immunocompromised Hosts Ebv Infection Is Associated Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent study, real-time PCR was performed to quantify EBV DNA in CSF and plasma from 42 patients with AIDSrelated NHL, with and without CNS involvement, as well as 20 patients with PCNSL and 16 HIV-infected controls with other CNS disorders (11,26). EBV DNA was detected in the CSF from 8 of 12 (67%) patients with CNS-NHL and 16 of 20 VOL.…”

Section: Ii) Immunocompromised Hosts Ebv Infection Is Associated Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Methods for Diagnosis of Viral Encephalitis

2004

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Hundreds of viruses cause central nervous system (CNS) disease, including meningoencephalitis and postinfectious encephalomyelitis, in humans. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is abnormal in >90% of cases; however, routine CSF studies only rarely lead to identification of a specific etiologic agent. Diagnosis of viral infections of the CNS has been revolutionized by the advent of new molecular diagnostic technologies to amplify viral nucleic acid from CSF, including PCR, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, and branched-DNA assay. PCR is ideally suited for identifying fastidious organisms that may be difficult or impossible to culture and has been widely applied for detection of both DNA and RNA viruses in CSF. The technique can be performed rapidly and inexpensively and has become an integral component of diagnostic medical practice in the United States and other developed countries. In addition to its use for identification of etiologic agents of CNS disease in the clinical setting, PCR has also been used to quantitate viral load and monitor duration and adequacy of antiviral drug therapy. PCR has also been applied in the research setting to help discriminate active versus postinfectious immune-mediate disease, identify determinants of drug resistance, and investigate the etiology of neurologic disease of uncertain cause. This review discusses general principles of PCR and reverse transcription-PCR, including qualitative, quantitative, and multiplex techniques, with comment on issues of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. The application of molecular diagnostic methods for diagnosis of specific infectious entities is reviewed in detail, including viruses for which PCR is of proven efficacy and is widely available, viruses for which PCR is less widely available or for which PCR has unproven sensitivity and specificity, and nonviral entities which can mimic viral CNS disease

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Epstein-Barr virus DNA load in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with AIDS-related lymphoma

Cited by 70 publications

References 20 publications

Comparison of Commercial Real-Time PCR Assays for Quantification of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA

Comparison of Commercial Real-Time PCR Assays for Quantification of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA

Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein-1 in Jordanian Patients with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Molecular Methods for Diagnosis of Viral Encephalitis

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