Equilibrium aspects of hydrogen-induced cracking of steels

Oriani, R. A.; Josephic, P.H.

doi:10.1016/0001-6160(74)90061-3

Cited by 752 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[11]), based on H decohesion [83][84][85] and experimentally validated for a range of steels and a Ni-based superalloy. [42,43,82] The premise of this model is that near-crack-tip stress (and local stress intensity) is modeled by coupling a small array of dislocations, spaced in equilibrium with the crack tip elastic stress field, and including Rice-Thompson dislocation emission.…”

Section: E Threshold For Heacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Modeling of Hydrogen Environment-Assisted Cracking in Monel K-500

Gangloff

Burns

et al. 2014

Metall Mater Trans A

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Hydrogen environment-assisted cracking (HEAC) of Monel K-500 is quantified using slow-rising stress intensity loading with electrical potential monitoring of small crack propagation and elastoplastic J-integral analysis. For this loading, with concurrent crack tip plastic strain and H accumulation, aged Monel K-500 is susceptible to intergranular HEAC in NaCl solution when cathodically polarized at À800 mV SCE (E A , vs saturated calomel) and lower. Intergranular cracking is eliminated by reduced cathodic polarization more positive than À750 mV SCE . Crack tip diffusible H concentration rises, from near 0 wppm at E A of À765 mV SCE , with increasing cathodic polarization. This behavior is quantified by thermal desorption spectroscopy and barnacle cell measurements of hydrogen solubility vs overpotential for planar electrodes, plus measured-local crevice potential, and pH scaled to the crack tip. Using crack tip H concentration, excellent agreement is demonstrated between measurements and decohesion-based model predictions of the E A dependencies of threshold stress intensity and Stage II growth rate. A critical level of cathodic polarization must be exceeded for HEAC to occur in aged Monel K-500. The damaging-cathodic potential regime likely shifts more negative for quasi-static loading or increasing metallurgical resistance to HEAC.

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Section: E Threshold For Heacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Modeling of Hydrogen Environment-Assisted Cracking in Monel K-500

Gangloff

Burns

et al. 2014

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…The mechanism of HE is still a mystery. The decohesion model [1,2] is based on the theoretical calculation of the weakening of the lattice strength by hydrogen, although no direct observation of lattice decohesion has been made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The present authors have investigated microscopically the effect of hydrogen on fatigue crack growth behavior, including the measurement of the exact hydrogen content, in various materials such as low-carbon, Cr-Mo, and stainless steels. For example, particularly important phenomena found by the authors' fatigue studies (Murakami et al, [32,33] Uyama et al, [34,35] Kanezaki et al, [36] and Tanaka et al [37] ) are the localization of fatigue slip bands, strain-induced martensitic transformation in types 304, 316, and even 316L, and also strong frequency effects on fatigue crack growth rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism in Fatigue of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Murakami

Kanezaki

Mine

et al. 2008

Metall Mater Trans A

201

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YUKITAKA MURAKAMI, TOSHIHIKO KANEZAKI, YOJI MINE, and SABURO MATSUOKAThe basic mechanism of the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of stainless steels under fatigue loading is revealed as microscopic ductile fracture, resulting from hydrogen concentration at crack tips leading to hydrogen-enhanced slip. Fatigue crack growth rates in the presence of hydrogen are strongly frequency dependent. Nondiffusible hydrogen, at a level of 2 to approximately 3 wppm, is contained in ordinarily heat-treated austenitic stainless steels, but, over the last 40 years, it has been ignored as the cause of HE. However, it has been made clear in this study that, with decreasing loading frequency down to the level of 0.0015 Hz, the nondiffusible hydrogen definitely increases fatigue crack growth rates. If the nondiffusible hydrogen at O-sites of the lattice is reduced to the level of 0.4 wppm by a special heat treatment, then the damaging influence of the loading frequency disappears and fatigue crack growth rates are significantly decreased.

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“…On the other hand, a slightly different mechanism has been proposed by Wang et al [26] and others [16,22] to explain the IG fracture of hydrogen-charged pure nickel and pure iron subjected to monotonic tensile tests. In their assumption, the combined effect of HELP and the hydrogenenhanced decohesion (HEDE) model [27] play a crucial role in causing the fracture along GBs. According to the HELP framework, the hydrogen atoms -which distribute inside the grains -are transported by moving dislocations [28,29] and then deposited into GBs in conjunction with the dislocations piling-up onto GBs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack propagation in a pure BCC iron. Part I: Intergranular crack propagation at relatively low stress intensities

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The role of hydrogen on intergranular (IG) fracture in hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth (HAFCG) of a pure iron at low stress intensity was discussed in terms of the microscopic deformation structures near crack propagation paths. The main cause of IG fracture was assumed to be the hydrogen-enhanced dislocation structure evolution and subsequent microvoids formation along the grain boundaries. Additionally, the impact of such IG cracking on the macroscopic FCG rate was evaluated according to the dependency of IG fracture propensity on the hydrogen gas pressure. It was first demonstrated that the increased hydrogen pressure results in the larger area fraction of IG and corresponding faster FCG rate. Moreover, gaseous hydrogen environment also had a positive influence on the FCG rate due to the absence of oxygen and water vapor. The macroscopic crack propagation rate was controlled by the competition process of said positive and negative effects.

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Equilibrium aspects of hydrogen-induced cracking of steels

Cited by 752 publications

References 7 publications

Measurement and Modeling of Hydrogen Environment-Assisted Cracking in Monel K-500

Measurement and Modeling of Hydrogen Environment-Assisted Cracking in Monel K-500

Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism in Fatigue of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack propagation in a pure BCC iron. Part I: Intergranular crack propagation at relatively low stress intensities

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