Equine-assisted therapy intervention studies targeting physical symptoms in adults: A systematic review

Equine‐assisted therapies using horses as healers: A concept analysis

“…Empirical referents are categories demonstrating occurrence of the concept (Walker & Avant, ). Measuring both the physical and psychosocial effects of equine therapy supports the positive effects of this intervention (White‐Lewis et al, ). Tools that have measured outcomes after hippotherapy or therapeutic horseback riding include the following: Timed Up and Go test (de Araújo et al, ); Berg Balance Scale (Lee, Kim, & Yong, ); Outcome Measures 36, measuring physical, social and emotional pain and health (Beinotti et al, ); Hamburg Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis (Frevel & Mäurer, ); and the Coping Self‐Efficacy Scale (Johnson et al, ).…”

“…New research studies with significant results are increasing in frequency and rigour (White‐Lewis et al, ). As this field grows, a standardized language is essential for clarity.…”

“…Archival searching of reference lists was completed. Additionally, a thorough search of textbooks, dissertations, qualitative experimental studies and podium and poster presentations was performed (White‐Lewis et al, ).…”

“…Equine or horse therapy has not yet been conceptually defined in the literature. Also, the taxonomy of equine‐assisted therapy (EAT) is confusing (White‐Lewis et al, ). This concept analysis defines EAT, clarifies its boundaries and therapeutic variations and differentiates between recreational and therapeutic use of horses for clinical practice applications.…”

“…She described increased awareness of the incongruence of intention versus behaviour, confronting fear, mindfulness, focus and assertiveness. Today, EAT as an intervention is increasing in popularity with significant positive results (White‐Lewis et al, ).…”