Equine biomechanical models for three-dimensional kinematics analysis: literature review/ Modelos biomecânicos equinos para análise de cinemática tridimensional: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Three-dimensional analysis in horses has been widely used in the past years due to technological advancement. With the objective of conducting a literature review of the applicability of existing evidence in horses of a biomechanical model focusing on three-dimensional kinematics and its production in Veterinary Medicine, we searched in the databases: ScienceDirect, SciELO and PubMed. To access them, using as key-words: "Three-dimensional kinematic model in equines", "equine kinematic analysis", "biomechanics of equine locomotion", "equine kinematic model". Selection criteria were papers published between: paper published between 1990 and 2020, in English, with free electronic access and in which characteristics of a three-dimensional kinematic model in horses were mentioned. Most studies were experimental, and population included both healthy horses and pathological ones. Three-dimensional kinematic model was used mainly to understand the analysed movement and using as model the full body. There is scientific evidence on the use of biomechanical models for three-dimensional kinematic analysis in horses published in the period studied, used by professionals in veterinary medicine. The objectives of using the model were specific to the type of movement or pathology of the horse and consistent with the characteristics of the studies.

Kinematic Analysis of the Esbarrada and Volta Sobre Patas Manoeuvres of Criollo Breed Horses Competing in Freio De Ouro

“…While two-dimensional videography made it possible to measure extremely important temporal variables, as well as adduction and abduction angles at specific moments that the video made possible, 3D cinematography and other technological tools can provide a more complete and detailed view, allowing for more precise measurements of the movement patterns for the axial and appendicular segments during volta sobre patas and homologous movements. Thus, the application of three-dimensional technologies enriches biomechanical analysis, contributing to a broader and more refined understanding of this complex behaviour not only of Criollo breed horses but also of other equestrian disciplines that frequently perform this kind of movement [40,41].…”