Equine myeloperoxidase: A novel biomarker in synovial fluid for the diagnosis of infection

Abstract

Synovial fluid MPO was identified as a very promising biomarker to augment the discrimination of infectious vs. noninfectious joint disease in horses. Both ELISA and SIEFED techniques can be used for its specific and rapid detection. The analysis of synovial fluid MPO can be used as a complementary test to aid in the discrimination between infectious and noninfectious joint disease, especially when the white blood cell counts and the total protein level are inconclusive.

Bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and factors associated with infection and outcome in foals with septic arthritis: 83 cases (1998–2013)

“…[1][2][3]6,7,21 Consequently, a variety of diagnostic criteria have been used to diagnose septic arthritis in foals, which has inevitably led to discrepancies in the estimates of its true prevalence. [1][2][3]7,25 In a study 26 in which synovial fluid changes were compared among healthy horses and horses with osteochondritis dissecans, traumatic noninfectious synovitis, and infectious synovitis, the highest mean synovial fluid neutrophil count (380 X 10 3 neutrophils/µL) and protein concentration (6.2 g/dL) were observed for horses with infectious synovitis, although the ranges for those variables overlapped considerably with the ranges of the corresponding variables for horses with traumatic noninfectious synovitis. [1][2][3]7,25 In a study 26 in which synovial fluid changes were compared among healthy horses and horses with osteochondritis dissecans, traumatic noninfectious synovitis, and infectious synovitis, the highest mean synovial fluid neutrophil count (380 X 10 3 neutrophils/µL) and protein concentration (6.2 g/dL) were observed for horses with infectious synovitis, although the ranges for those variables overlapped considerably with the ranges of the corresponding variables for horses with traumatic noninfectious synovitis.…”

Haematogenous septic arthritis, physitis and osteomyelitis in foals: A tutorial review on pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Part 1

“…Other less conventional markers in synovial fluid have been shown to be able to differentiate between septic and nonseptic SF in adult and/or foal septic arthritis, including serum amyloid A (SAA) (Jacobsen et al 2006;Ludwig et al 2016;Robinson et al 2017;Stack et al 2019), glucose (Anderson et al 2018), D-dimer (Ribera et al 2011), myeloperoxidase (Wauters et al 2013) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) (Jacobsen et al 2019). Handheld devices are available for glucose and SAA analysis, and the handheld SAA device has been shown to offer reliable detection of synovial sepsis in horses (Stack et al 2019).…”

Characterization of Myeloperoxidase in the Healthy Equine Endometrium

“…In horses, MPO has been identified, both under active and inactive form, in various fluids and tissues [18][19][20][21] and has been shown to be involved in numerous inflammatory processes [18,19,[22][23][24]. Some studies have focused on MPO and its implications in pathological conditions of the endometrium, such as endometritis and endometrosis [24][25][26][27], which are a major cause of infertility in the mare that adversely impact the horse breeding industry.…”