Equipment and working conditions for comprehensive treatment of discharges containing halogen-bearing pollutants

Abstract

A set of equipment has been examined for treating industrial discharges containing halogens. The discharges are subject to chemisorption, condensation, and heat treatment to remove the halogens from the system before the last stage of treatment. The best design characteristics of the equipment and the processing parameters have been determined, which correspond to maximum removal of the halogen-bearing substances and minimal CO 2 discharge, which provides an efficient system for cleaning up pollutants with global action.It is necessary to treat discharges from chemical processes containing halogen compounds on account of the international obligations of Russia under the Kyoto Convention and the Framework Convention of UNO concerning climate change associated with greenhouse gases. Currently, the treatment of discharges containing halogen-bearing substances is based on apparatus that employs condensation, sorption, catalytic combustion, and fire treatment [1,2]. Condensation and sorption are ineffective at pollutant concentrations less than 1-2 g/m 3 . Catalytic combustion involves difficulty in choosing the catalysts. The most reliable method when there are chlorine-bearing components is flame treatment [3]. The traditional devices in treatment systems are high-temperature furnaces and HCl neutralizers in the combustion products.However, the direct combustion of halogens in the hydrocarbon flame may lead to the formation of highly toxic substances such as phosgene and more hazardous compounds. To choose a method of neutralizing the combustion products, it is necessary at least to identify the compounds synthesized in the flame, which is essentially difficult. Consequently, reliable treatment of halogen-bearing discharges needs a combination of plant in systems that provide for removing the halogens before the heat treatment.We have examined a system for the comprehensive treatment of discharges containing the vapors of halogen-bearing solvents, which consists of a contact apparatus, a condenser, and a burner device. We have tested contact equipment of two types, which implement displacement and mixing. Methods and conditions have been determined for maximally reliable treatment, which provide for separating out the chlorine before the discharges enter the flame zone.The discharge treatment system works as follows. Chlorine compounds pass to the contact apparatus, where they are subject to thermodestruction on contact with a metal oxide, and then the released chlorine is bound to the metal:

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“…Waste incinerators, including the most dangerous of themmedical waste incinerators [5], are the main sources of supply of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans [6] to the atmosphere. In such conditions, in order to reduce damage, it is possible to organize pretreatment of waste before a high-temperature zone with the removal of chlorine compounds [7]. In order to be principial able to regulate the release of toxic compounds when burning conventional gaseous fuel or garbage, it is necessary to know the sequence of reactions taking place in the thermo-oxidizing zone.…”