Equol: A Bacterial Metabolite from The Daidzein Isoflavone and Its Presumed Beneficial Health Effects

Mayo, Baltasar; Vázquez, Lucía; Flórez, Ana Belén

doi:10.3390/nu11092231

Cited by 288 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 187 publications

(248 reference statements)

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“…These effects are mainly mediated by antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and estrogenic activities. [ 80,119–121 ] However, in vivo evidence on their health effects is still scarce and very limited in humans. [ 8,122 ]…”

Section: The Two‐way Interaction Between Phenolics and Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Where to Look into the Puzzle of Polyphenols and Health? The Postbiotics and Gut Microbiota Associated with Human Metabotypes

Cortés‐Martín

Selma

Tomás‐Barberán

et al. 2020

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

200

240

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The full consensus on the role of dietary polyphenols as human-healthpromoting compounds remains elusive. The two-way interaction between polyphenols and gut microbiota (GM) (i.e., modulation of GM by polyphenols and their catabolism by the GM) is determinant in polyphenols' effects. The identification of human metabotypes associated with a differential gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols has opened new research scenarios to explain the inter-individual variability upon polyphenols consumption. The metabotypes unequivocally identified so far are those involved in the metabolism of isoflavones (equol and(or) O-desmethylangolesin producers versus non-producers) and ellagic acid (urolithin metabotypes, including producers of only urolithin-A (UM-A), producers of urolithin-A, isourolithin-A, and urolithin-B (UM-B), and non-producers (UM-0)). In addition, the microbial metabolites (phenolic-derived postbiotics) such as equol, urolithins, valerolactones, enterolactone, and enterodiol, and 8-prenylnaringenin, among others, can exert differential health effects. The knowledge is updated and position is taken here on i) the two-way interaction between GM and polyphenols, ii) the evidence between phenolic-derived postbiotics and health, iii) the role of metabotypes as biomarkers of GM and the clustering of individuals depending on their metabotypes (metabotyping) to explain polyphenols' effects, and iv) the gut microbial metabolism of catecholamines to illustrate the intersection between personalized nutrition and precision medicine.A. Cortés-Martín, Dr.

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Section: The Two‐way Interaction Between Phenolics and Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Where to Look into the Puzzle of Polyphenols and Health? The Postbiotics and Gut Microbiota Associated with Human Metabotypes

Cortés‐Martín

Selma

Tomás‐Barberán

et al. 2020

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

200

240

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“… 60 Epidemiological evidence has shown that diets rich in phytoestrogen-containing foods could reduce the risk of a number of syndromes and chronic diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and certain types of cancer. 144 Equol may help to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, 145 and is strongly associated with a lower incidence of prostate cancer in men. 146 In addition, equol has been reported to have a kidney-protective effect, and reduce serum creatinine, serum phosphorus, C-reactive protein (CRP), and proteinuria levels in patients with chronic kidney diseases.…”

Section: Therapeutic Drugs Targeting Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in therapeutic drugs targeting of senescence

Zhu

Meng

Ling

et al. 2020

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

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Aging leads to a high burden on society, both medically and economically. Cellular senescence plays an essential role in the initiation of aging and age-related diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic value of senescent cell deletion in natural aging and many age-related disorders. However, the therapeutic strategies for manipulating cellular senescence are still at an early stage of development. Among these strategies, therapeutic drugs that target cellular senescence are arguably the most highly anticipated. Many recent studies have demonstrated that a variety of drugs exhibit healthy aging effects. In this review, we summarize different types of drugs promoting healthy aging – such as senolytics, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) inhibitors, and nutrient signaling regulators – and provide an update on their potential therapeutic merits. Taken together, our review synthesizes recent advancements in the therapeutic potentialities of drugs promoting healthy aging with regard to their clinical implications.

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“…Among the soy metabolites, of interest is the availability of daidzein and its most biologically active metabolite, equol, produced only by gut microbiota intervention [27]. Equol, exerting anti-carcinogenic and antioxidative properties, has been reported to be inversely associated with CRC risk [28]. The isoflavones can be hydrolyzed along the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract, but mostly, they are hydrolyzed in the jejunum and, by the cooperation of the brush border membrane and bacterial β-glucosidases, are subsequently absorbed, as aglycons, across the intestinal epithelium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy Metabolism by Gut Microbiota from Patients with Precancerous Intestinal Lesions

et al. 2020

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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) requires the presence of a variety of factors predisposing a tumorigenic milieu. Excluding familial clustering and hereditary CRC syndromes, the development of sporadic CRC from precancerous lesions is influenced by tissue inflammation, modulation of intestinal immunity, hormones, dietary habits and gut microbiota composition. As concerning the last two aspects, the intestinal presence of equol, the most biologically active metabolite of the soy isoflavone daidzein and the presence of a genetic determinant of gut microbiota able to metabolize daidzein, seem to lower the CRC risk. It has been hypothesized that the anaerobic microorganisms of the Bacteroides genus play a role in equol production. Aim: To evaluate the presence of (i) anaerobic gut microbiota and (ii) the urinary levels of soy isoflavones (daidzein, genistein and equol) in patients with and without precancerous lesions, challenged with a daidzein-rich soy extract. Methods: Consecutive subjects undergoing colonoscopy participated to the study. Feces were collected from all patients one week before colonoscopy for gut microbiota studies. After the endoscopy examination and the histological evaluation, 40 subjects, 20 with sporadic colorectal adenomas (SCA/P group) and 20 without proliferative lesions (control group) were enrolled for the study. Urine levels of soy isoflavones daidzein, genistein and their metabolite equol, were determined by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis and gut microbiota analysis was performed by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) procedure. Results: Seventeen different bacterial species were identified in the fecal samples of the forty subjects participating to the study. Ten bacterial species resulted anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, all belonging to the Bacteroides genus. A significant difference of bacteria species was evidenced in the fecal samples of the two groups of subjects. Particularly important was the evidence of Parabacteroides distasonis, Clostridium clostridioforme and Pediococcus pentasaceus only in control fecal samples, such as the presence of Bacteroides fragilis and Prevotella melaningenica only in SCA/P fecal samples. Concerning the soy isoflavones levels, no statistically significant differences were revealed in the genistein and daidzein urinary levels between the two groups of subjects. On the contrary, urinary equol levels were undetectable in ten SCA/P subjects and in two controls; moreover, when present, the levels of urinary equol were significantly lower in SCA/P subjects compared to controls (0.24 ± 0.27 mg/24 hrs vs. 21.25 ± 4.3 mg/24 hrs, respectively, p = 1.12 × 10−6). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the presence of anaerobic Bacteroides in the colon, and the production of equol from soy, could determine a milieu able to contrast the development of colonic mucosa proliferative lesions.

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Equol: A Bacterial Metabolite from The Daidzein Isoflavone and Its Presumed Beneficial Health Effects

Cited by 288 publications

References 187 publications

Where to Look into the Puzzle of Polyphenols and Health? The Postbiotics and Gut Microbiota Associated with Human Metabotypes

Where to Look into the Puzzle of Polyphenols and Health? The Postbiotics and Gut Microbiota Associated with Human Metabotypes

Advancements in therapeutic drugs targeting of senescence

Soy Metabolism by Gut Microbiota from Patients with Precancerous Intestinal Lesions

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