Ergosterol Profiles, Fatty Acid Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Button Mushrooms as Affected by Tissue Part and Developmental Stage

Abstract

This article investigated the mycochemical profiles and the antioxidant activities of the lipophilic extracts of the white and brown button mushrooms. We found that only free ergosterols were present in both mushrooms at 2.04-4.82 mg/g dry matter (DM). Ergosterol concentration was higher in early growth stages but decreased as the mushrooms grew, and it distributed evenly between the caps and stems during early developmental stages but accumulated more in the caps after maturation. The photochemiluminescence (PCL) values of the two mushrooms were 5.49-10.48 nmol trolox equivalent/mg DM, and the EC50 values of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay ranged 20.19-41.49 mg DM/μg DPPH. The ergosterol content positively correlated with the antioxidant activities (r2>0.89). The total fatty acid content was 8.7 mg/g DM in the white and 5.1 mg/g DM in the brown button mushroom and contained mainly linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Our data provide guidance for optimized harvesting time of mushrooms and maximized health benefits.

Profile of phenolic and organic acids, antioxidant properties and ergosterol content in cultivated and wild growing species of Agaricus

“…The findings clearly indicate lower levels of ergosterol in comparison to other studies showing that ergosterol content in A. bisporus ranged from 4.6 to 6.4 mg/g DW (460-640 mg/100 g DW) [15,51] and more than 50 mg/100 g fresh weight [45]. However, the obtained results are in accordance with other studies that have found that the total ergosterol content in brown A. bisporus was significantly higher than in white A. bisporus [45,50,51]. The concentration of ergosterol was confirmed to be different depending on the type of fungus [15,51].…”

“…The EC 50 values ranged from 0.8 to 3.2 mg/mL depending on the species of mushrooms. The lower values of EC 50 indicate better scavenging ability. The cultivated species A. brasiliensis and A. arvensis were distinguished by the lowest value of 0.8 mg/mL, respectively.…”

“…Because of its antimicrobial, antitumor and anticomplementary activities, ergosterol and its peroxidation derivatives are currently under frequent investigation [47][48][49]. To our knowledge, most research on ergosterol in Agaricus species concerns white and brown A. bisporus [47,50,51] ergosterol in the studied Agaricus species ranged from 1.1 to 45.8 mg/100 g DM (Table 4). Wild growing A. silvaticus and A. campestris were the most abundant in ergosterol (45.8 and 42.4 mg/100 g DM, respectively).…”

“…The scavenging activity was expressed as EC 50 (the concentration at which the ability to scavenge DPPH˙ was 50%) and was estimated graphically.…”

Functionalization of yogurts with Agaricus bisporus extracts encapsulated in spray-dried maltodextrin crosslinked with citric acid

“…They can provide immunomodulating, antitumour, anti-hypercholesterolemic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-diabetic, and cardioprotective effects to consumers (Reis, Martins, Vasconcelos, Morales, & Ferreira, 2017). Agaricus bisporus is the species with the highest consumption worldwide, showing a great potential to be used to enrich food matrices, mainly due to its high amount of ergosterol, a mycosterol with several bioactivities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral and antimicrobial, in addition to hypocholesterolemic effects (Gao et al, 2007;Gil-Ramírez, Ruiz-Rodríguez, Marín, Reglero, & SolerRivas, 2014;Shao, Hernandez, Kramer, Rinker, & Tsao, 2010;Yasukawa et al, 1994).…”