Erratum: Candida auris: The recent emergence of a multidrug-resistant fungal Pathogen

Forsberg, Kaitlin; Woodworth, Kate R.; Walters, Maroya; Jackson, Brendan R; Chiller, Tom; Vallabhaneni, Snigdha

doi:10.1093/mmy/myy156

Cited by 41 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, the clinical settings have witnessed infections caused by increasing number of multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens such as C. albicans and Candida luasitaniae (44). The recent outbreak caused by the newly emerging C. auris severely poses alarming threat to immunocompromised patients and hospital settings (38) because of its high mortality and transmission (45). Three chronically ill patients in New York were identified as colonizing pan-resistant (resistant to all three classes of antifungals) C. auris according to CDC in 2020.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen that can cause invasive infections and has demonstrated high mortality in health care settings (38,39). So far, 90% of C. auris isolates in the United States have been found resistant to fluconazole, and 30% have been resistant to AmB (38). It was believed that modification of sterol composition of cell membrane accounts for AmB and fluconazole resistance mechanism (40).…”

Section: Polarization-sensitive Srs Imaging Determines Amb Orientatio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polarization-sensitive stimulated Raman scattering imaging resolves amphotericin B orientation in Candida membrane

et al. 2021

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Ergosterol-targeting amphotericin B (AmB) is the first line of defense for life-threatening fungal infections. Two models have been proposed to illustrate AmB assembly in the cell membrane; one is the classical ion channel model in which AmB vertically forms transmembrane tunnel and the other is a recently proposed sterol sponge model where AmB is laterally adsorbed onto the membrane surface. To address this controversy, we use polarization-sensitive stimulated Raman scattering from fingerprint C═C stretching vibration to visualize AmB, ergosterol, and lipid in single fungal cells. Intracellular lipid droplet accumulation in response to AmB treatment is found. AmB is located in membrane and intracellular droplets. In the 16 strains studied, AmB residing inside cell membrane was highly ordered, and its orientation is primarily parallel to phospholipid acyl chains, supporting the ion channel model. Label-free imaging of AmB and chemical contents offers an analytical platform for developing low-toxicity, resistance-refractory antifungal agents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polarization-sensitive Srs Imaging Determines Amb Orientatio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization-sensitive stimulated Raman scattering imaging resolves amphotericin B orientation in Candida membrane

et al. 2021

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“…Moreover, Candida auris , an emerging fungal pathogen known to cause severe invasive infections in over 20 countries, has been reported to express multidrug resistance against several classes of antifungal agents 35 . For example, C. auris can exhibit resistance to fluconazole at a rate as high as 93% 35 …”

Section: Antifungal Resistance—a Major Public Health Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33,34 Moreover, Candida auris, an emerging fungal pathogen known to cause severe invasive infections in over 20 countries, has been reported to express multidrug resistance against several classes of antifungal agents. 35 For example, C. auris can exhibit resistance to fluconazole at a rate as high as 93%. 35 Nondermatophyte molds (NDMs) and mixed infections Previously, mixed infections of dermatophytes with NDMs and/ or yeasts in onychomycosis (nail fungal infection) were rarely reported, but the incidence has been escalating with 3-11% of cases reporting mixed dermatophyte-NDM infections in the last decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 For example, C. auris can exhibit resistance to fluconazole at a rate as high as 93%. 35 Nondermatophyte molds (NDMs) and mixed infections Previously, mixed infections of dermatophytes with NDMs and/ or yeasts in onychomycosis (nail fungal infection) were rarely reported, but the incidence has been escalating with 3-11% of cases reporting mixed dermatophyte-NDM infections in the last decade. 7,36 The occurrence of mixed infections could be higher, as NDMs are often not detected accurately or misdiagnosed and ignored as common laboratory and nail contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The increasing problem of treatment‐resistant fungal infections: a call for antifungal stewardship programs

et al. 2021

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Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs have been widely recognized among the public health community. These programs focus majorly on bacterial infections, efficient antibiotic use, and measures to curb increasing antibacterial resistance. AMS programs are successfully established around the globe; however, very few include antifungal stewardship (AFS). The increasing incidence of superficial and invasive fungal infections, combined with delayed or inaccurate diagnosis, has contributed to the overprescribing and overuse of antifungal agents. Such increased exposure to antifungal agents may be a reason for the emergence of increasing antifungal resistance among fungal pathogens. With mounting reports of treatment failures and resistant infections, the evidence to support the need for AFS programs is increasing. AFS is an emerging branch of AMS programs that requires global attention and recognition.

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Assessing pH‐dependent activities of virulence factors secreted by Candida albicans

et al. 2023

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Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that can thrive under adverse conditions including suboptimal pH, nutrient scarcity, and low levels of oxygen. Its pathogenicity is associated with the production of virulence factors such as extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and toxins. This study was aimed at determining the effect of external pH, substrate nature, and strain origin on protease, lipase, and hemolysin production. To achieve this objective, agar plate assays were performed at pH 5.0, 6.5, and 7.5 with substrates suitable for the detection of each family of enzymes. Moreover, the study was conducted with 20 clinical C. albicans isolates from blood, oral cavity, skin, urine, and vagina. The hydrolytic zones formed around the colonies were further measured to calculate the Ez (enzymatic zone) indexes. We found that detection of proteases in skim milk agar plates was possible for most isolates only at pH 5 (80%) and pH 6.5 (75%), whereas BSA plates could confer protease detection exclusively at pH 5 (80%). Similarly, the percentage of isolates possessing lipolytic activities was higher at pH 5 (90%) than at pH 6.5 (70%) and pH 7.5 (35%). In contrast, hemolytic activities were detected in all isolates at pH 6.5 and 7.5 but not at pH 5. Further analysis revealed that some differences in the detected activities could potentially be attributed to the anatomical origin of these isolates. Collectively, these findings suggest that the pH of the site of infection might be critical for mimicking the microenvironment employed to experimentally discover the key virulence factors.

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Erratum: Candida auris: The recent emergence of a multidrug-resistant fungal Pathogen

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Polarization-sensitive stimulated Raman scattering imaging resolves amphotericin B orientation in Candida membrane

Polarization-sensitive stimulated Raman scattering imaging resolves amphotericin B orientation in Candida membrane

The increasing problem of treatment‐resistant fungal infections: a call for antifungal stewardship programs

Assessing pH‐dependent activities of virulence factors secreted by Candida albicans

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