Erratum: Evaluation of Cannabinoid and Terpenoid Content: Cannabis Flower Compared to Supercritical CO2 Concentrate

Sexton, Michelle; Shelton, Kyle; Haley, Pam; West, Mike

doi:10.1055/s-0043-122272

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…It is well known that terpenes are volatile and that the characteristic aroma of different chemovars is determined by some of the more volatile terpenes. 31 Also known is that some of the terpenes are lost due to vaporization during processing and that the extent of monoterpene loss is greater compared with sesquiterpenes. 32 , 33 Yet, there is much erroneous data and misinterpretation of data related to the boiling points of cannabinoids and of some terpenes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sexton et al, 31 present data for cannabinoid and terpene content of six cannabis chemovar inflorescences and of extracts generated from their trim. Extracts were produced by extracting with supercritical CO 2 in a closed-loop system for 6 h. The temperatures of the extractor, of the separator, and of the condenser were 43°C, 60°C, and 4°C, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conclusion reached was that the extraction protocol enhances the potency of both cannabinoids and terpenoids, but in a different fashion. 31 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vapor Pressure, Vaping, and Corrections to Misconceptions Related to Medical Cannabis' Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients' Physical Properties and Compositions

Eyal¹,

Zeitouni²,

Tal³

et al. 2023

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research

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Medical cannabis products contain dozens of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) derived from the cannabis plant. However, their actual compositions and relative doses significantly change according to the production methods. Product compositions are strongly dependent on processing step conditions and on components' evaporation during those steps. Review of the documentation presented to caregivers and to patients show erroneous data or misinterpretation of data related to the evaporation, for example, cannabinoids' boiling points, as well as confusions between terms, such as boiling, vaporization, and evaporation. Clarifying these aspects is essential for caregivers, for researchers, and for developers of manufacturing processes. Original and literature data were analyzed, comparing composition changes during various processing steps and correlating the extent of change to components' vapor pressures at the corresponding temperature. Evaporation-related composition changes start at temperatures as low as those of drying and curing and become extensive during decarboxylation. The relative rate of components' evaporation is determined by their relative vapor pressure and monoterpenes are lost first. On vaping, terpenes are inhaled before cannabinoids do. Commercial medical cannabis products are deficient in terpenes, mainly monoterpenes, compared with the cannabis plants used to produce them. Terms, such as “whole plant” and “full spectrum,” are misleading since no product actually reflects the original cannabis plant composition. There are important implications for medical cannabis manufacturing and for the ability to make the most out of the terpene API contribution. Medical cannabis products' composition and product delivery are controlled by the relative vapor pressure of the various APIs. Quantitative data provided in this study can be used for improvement to reach better accuracy, reproducibility, and preferred medical cannabis compositions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vapor Pressure, Vaping, and Corrections to Misconceptions Related to Medical Cannabis' Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients' Physical Properties and Compositions

Eyal¹,

Zeitouni²,

Tal³

et al. 2023

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research

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“…(Fekete et al, 2018). Eight major cannabinoids were analyzed via HPLC-DAD was used for analysis of eight major cannabinoids, which helped in defining plant chemotypes by determination of (THCA/CBDA) ratio (Aizpurua-Olaizola et al, 2016a) ; Ultrasonication was used for cannabinoid extraction from C. sativa L. followed by HPLC analysis (Agarwal et al, 2018); (Calvi et al, 2018a;Ciolino et al, 2018;Sexton et al, 2018). Labs-Mart recently developed and validated analytical methods using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) to quantify cannabinoids and gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) to quantify terpenes in cannabis raw material (Jin et al, 2018); A generic HPLC workflow was developed, validated, and successfully applied to the analysis of phytocannabinoids in C. sativa extracts (Fekete et al, 2018); THC and other acid and neutral cannabinoids were quantified in Cannabis plants by fast-HPLC-DAD (Burnier et al, 2019) By the year 2017-Evaluation of cannabinoids concentration and stability in standardized preparations of cannabis tea and cannabis oil by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (Pacifici et al, 2017); An HPLC method was used for the analysis of non-psychoactive cannabinoids in fibre-type Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) using a new extraction method (Brighenti et al, 2017); While Patel et al made a quantitative and qualitative analysis of cannabinoids in cannabis using a modified HPLC/DAD method (Patel et al, 2017); By HPLC-MS/MS coupled with chemometric analysis: quality evaluation and a pilot human study in Taiwan for determination of cannabinoids in hemp nut products (Chang et al, 2017); Methods Unheated and heated extracts of cannabis seizures were prepared from the dried flowering tops and leaves (marijuana) or from the resin (hashish) and subjected to analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Souleman et al, 2017); Cannabis sativa (Hemp) Seeds, Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol, and Potential Overdose (Yang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Analytical Approaches in Quality Control of Cannabis sativa L. and Its Preparations

Ibrahim

Hadad

Salam

et al. 2018

Records of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences

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Cannabis sativa L. (family Cannabaceae) is gaining more and more attention all over the world, due to its long historical clinical practice and its recent legalization either for recreational or medicinal uses. The quality control of the plant is a critical for its legalization and globalization. This review deals with the recent analytical methods (years 2015-2018) in the quality control of Cannabis, including the traditional chromatographic methods like HPLC, LC/MS/MS, UPLC, GC/FID, and GC/MS; and spectrophotometric, including FT-IR, NIR and NMR techniques as well as the most recent advanced techniques. The comprehensive methods, such as fingerprint and multicomponent quantification are emphasized; hyphenated techniques, like HPLC, LC/MS/MS, GC/FID, GC-MS, LC-NMR, chemometric methods.

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“…Cannabidiol can be isolated from extracts and added into food for the consumer’s attraction. Nevertheless, the increasing availability of CBD results in a discussion of the legislation, quality, and safety of this drug and novel food [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Technological Maturity on the Secondary Metabolites of Hemp Concentrate (Cannabis sativa L.)

Tremlová

Mikulaskova

Hajduchová

et al. 2021

Foods

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During the last decade, the popularity of hemp products has been rising rapidly. Products containing cannabidiol (CBD) are of predominant interest. Traditional hemp products are frequently enriched by CBD due to their potential therapeutic effects. Cannabidiol occurs naturally in hemp juice together with other biologically active substances, such as terpenes, flavonoids, and stilbenoids. These constituents act synergistically. This study aimed to observe the influence of the hemp plant developmental stage on its chemical composition and antioxidant activity. The hemp plants were analyzed during three vegetative stages, i.e., before, during, and after flowering. The collected samples were evaluated using the following analyses: total polyphenolic content and profile, terpenoid and cannabinoid contents, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. The results revealed statistically significant differences between the samples in almost all set parameters. The optimal period for hemp harvest depends on desirable compounds, i.e., phenolic content is the highest before flowering, while the levels of cannabinoids and terpenoids are the highest during the flowering period.

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Erratum: Evaluation of Cannabinoid and Terpenoid Content: Cannabis Flower Compared to Supercritical CO2 Concentrate

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Vapor Pressure, Vaping, and Corrections to Misconceptions Related to Medical Cannabis' Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients' Physical Properties and Compositions

Vapor Pressure, Vaping, and Corrections to Misconceptions Related to Medical Cannabis' Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients' Physical Properties and Compositions

Recent Analytical Approaches in Quality Control of Cannabis sativa L. and Its Preparations

Influence of Technological Maturity on the Secondary Metabolites of Hemp Concentrate (Cannabis sativa L.)

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