“…This effect may be particularly relevant to some diseases, like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, both of which involve major inflammatory mechanisms, as well as to acute lung trauma. The efficacy of A 2A receptor agonists has indeed been demonstrated in preclinical models of these diseases (Bonneau et al 2006;Fozard et al 2002;LaPar et al 2011), and these drugs are currently under clinical evaluation, though with inconsistent results (Salgado Garcia et al 2014;Trevethick et al 2008) Adenosine A 2A receptors also regulate kidney physiology, by modulating the dilation of efferent arterioles, renal blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate (Al Mashhadi et al 2009;Carlström et al 2011;Levens et al 1991), as well as by influencing renal inflammation (Awad et al 2006;Garcia et al 2011;Okusa et al 1999). Finally, adenosine A 2A receptors have been suggested to participate in other physiopathological functions, such as ocular hemodynamics and protection from ischemic retinal damage (Zhong et al 2013), wound healing (Katebi et al 2008;Squadrito et al 2014), inflammation in experi-mental models of arthritis (Mazzon et al 2011), and tumour growth (Kalhan et al 2012;Montinaro et al 2013).…”