Error processes in syllogistic reasoning

Dickstein, Louis S.

doi:10.3758/bf03198242

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Since the arrangement of propositions affects syllogism difficulty (cf. Dickstein, 1978;Kaufmann and Goldstein, 1967;Roberge, 1970;Woodworth and Sells, 1935), two moderately difficult arrangements of propositions were used to an equal degree in constructing pro-union, anti-union, and neutral syllogism (cf. Evans et al, 1983)'.…”

Section: Plausibility Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Belief‐bias and labor unions: The effect of strong attitudes on reasoning

Lynn

Williams

1990

J Organ Behavior

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This study compared three types of reasoning bias associated with strong belief: Judgement of plausibility, contrast effects, and social attribution. Respectively, these relate to bias in the perceived validity and extremity of statements and bias in causal interpretations of actions. Technical college students (N = 153) in two highly unionized communities completed one scale for each form of bias and a section of the IRC Union Attitude Scale which measured their attitude toward unions. Belief–bias was indicated across all three measures although there were differences in their salience. Social attribution was the strongest type of bias manifested (r = 0.58, p ⩽ 0.001) and contrast effects (r = 0.33, p ⩽ 0.001) were a second and third. The implications of these results are explored and future research directions in this new line of study are suggested.

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Section: Plausibility Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Belief‐bias and labor unions: The effect of strong attitudes on reasoning

Lynn

Williams

1990

J Organ Behavior

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“…In some cases, individuals respond with a conclusion that fits the atmosphere, but in many cases, they correctly respond that "nothing follows"-a phenomenon that the atmosphere hypothesis cannot explain, because there is always a conclusion that fits the atmosphere of the premises. Conversely, there are cases in which individuals fail to draw a valid conclusion and respond wrongly that nothing follows even though the valid conclusion fits the atmosphere (Johnson-Laird & Bara, 1984b, p. 7; see also Dickstein, 1978;Mazzocco, Legrenzi, & Roncato, 1974).…”

Section: Heuristic Theories Of Syllogistic Reasoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We likewise searched for dissertations, book chapters, and unpublished articles by consulting both reference sections and experts in the field. We excluded studies that did not examine all 64 pairs of premises or that examined only syllogisms with conclusions constrained to the Scholastic order C-A (e.g., Dickstein, 1978;and Rips, 1994, p. 233).…”

Section: The Literature Search and Effect Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Theories of the syllogism: A meta-analysis.

Khemlani

Johnson‐Laird

2012

Psychological Bulletin

153

161

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Syllogisms are arguments about the properties of entities. They consist of 2 premises and a conclusion, which can each be in 1 of 4 “moods”: All A are B, Some A are B, No A are B, and Some A are not B. Their logical analysis began with Aristotle, and their psychological investigation began over 100 years ago. This article outlines the logic of inferences about syllogisms, which includes the evaluation of the consistency of sets of assertions. It also describes the main phenomena of reasoning about properties. There are 12 extant theories of such inferences, and the article outlines each of them and describes their strengths and weaknesses. The theories are of 3 main sorts: heuristic theories that capture principles that could underlie intuitive responses, theories of deliberative reasoning based on formal rules of inference akin to those of logic, and theories of deliberative reasoning based on set-theoretic diagrams or models. The article presents a meta-analysis of these extant theories of syllogisms using data from 6 studies. None of the 12 theories provides an adequate account, and so the article concludes with a guide—based on its qualitative and quantitative analyses—of how best to make progress toward a satisfactory theory.

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“…In some experiments [1], [2], [4], [5], choice options were given to participants as instantiated above, while in other experiments [3], [6], [7], [8], participants were asked to generate their own conclusions.…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1, Table 2 show the comparison of the probabilistic representation theory (PRT) [1] with other models (the transitive-chain theory (TCT) [2] and the probability heuristic model (PHM) [3], respectively). Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, Table 7, Table 8, Table 9 show the comparison of three models (i.e., PRT, PHM, and a probabilistic extension of the mental model theory [pMM] [1], [4]) using data of Experiment 1 in [5], Experiment 2 in [5], Experiment 2, first Test in [4], Experiment 2, second Test in [4], Experiment 1 in [2], Experiment 3 in [6], Experiment with adult participants in [7], Experiment in [8], Experiment 1 in [1], and Experiment 2 in [1], respectively. Tables 13 and 14 show the comparison of PRT and PHM using data from syllogisms with generalized quantifiers, Experiment 1 in [3] and Experiment 2 in [3], respectively.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Model fitting data from syllogistic reasoning experiments

Hattori

2016

Data in Brief

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The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled “Probabilistic representation in syllogistic reasoning: A theory to integrate mental models and heuristics” (M. Hattori, 2016) [1]. This article presents predicted data by three signature probabilistic models of syllogistic reasoning and model fitting results for each of a total of 12 experiments (N=404) in the literature. Models are implemented in R, and their source code is also provided.

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Error processes in syllogistic reasoning

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Belief‐bias and labor unions: The effect of strong attitudes on reasoning

Belief‐bias and labor unions: The effect of strong attitudes on reasoning

Theories of the syllogism: A meta-analysis.

Model fitting data from syllogistic reasoning experiments

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