Erysipelothrix Spp.: Past, Present, and Future Directions in Vaccine Research

Opriessnig, Tanja; Forde, Taya; Shimoji, Yoshihiro

doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00174

Cited by 50 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Moreover, the acute innate responses in vaccinated chickens were of much shorter duration compared to those in naïve chickens. Vaccination against ER infection has long been practised in both domestic pigs and poultry, mainly turkeys, and although the immune mechanisms of protection have not been clearly elucidated it is generally believed that specific antibody responses constitute at least part of the induced protection [12][13][14]. Studies in mice have shown that antibodies to ER enhanced both phagocytosis and intra-cellular killing of the bacterium [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes basic knowledge on immune responses and development of protective immunity to ER. In pigs and turkeys vaccination is commonly practiced and generally considered protective against disease [13]. However, failure of vaccines to prevent for example chronic disease has also been reported [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pigs and turkeys vaccination is commonly practiced and generally considered protective against disease [13]. However, failure of vaccines to prevent for example chronic disease has also been reported [13]. Studies in mice have pointed at the importance of phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages and the role of specific antibodies in enhancing phagocytosis and subsequent killing of ER [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune responses upon experimental Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection of naïve and vaccinated chickens

Wattrang

Eriksson

Jinnerot

et al. 2020

Vet Res

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Erysipelas, a disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (ER), is an increasing problem in laying hens housed in cage-free systems. This study aimed to monitor immune responses during ER infection of naïve chickens and chickens vaccinated intra muscularly with a commercial inactivated ER vaccine. Chickens were infected intra muscularly with ER at 30 days of age and blood leukocyte counts, serum levels of mannose binding lectin (MBL) and ER-specific IgY were monitored until the experiment was terminated at day 15 after infection. ER was detected in blood from more chickens and at higher bacterial counts in the naïve group (day 1: 1 of 7 chickens; day 3: 6 of 6 chickens) than in the vaccinated group (day 1: 0 of 7 chickens; day 3: 1 of 6 chickens). During the acute phase of infection transient increases in circulating heterophil numbers and serum MBL levels were detected in all ER infected chickens but these responses were prolonged in chickens from the naïve group compared to vaccinated chickens. Before infection IgY titers to ER in vaccinated chickens did not differ significantly from those of naïve chickens but vaccinated chickens showed significantly increased IgY titers to ER earlier after infection compared to chickens in the naïve group. In conclusion, the ER infection elicited prompt acute innate responses in all chickens. Vaccinated chickens did not have high IgY titers to ER prior to infection but did however show lower levels of bacteraemia and their acute immune responses were of shorter duration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune responses upon experimental Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection of naïve and vaccinated chickens

Wattrang

Eriksson

Jinnerot

et al. 2020

Vet Res

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“…Healthy swine also may be asymptomatic carriers. Infection is by ingestion of contaminated feed, water, or feces and through skin abrasions [19].…”

Section: Epidemiology and Current Status In Tropicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swine Erysipelas; It’s Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Control and Preventive Measures, Comprehensive Review

Habte¹,

Tamir²

2021

J Clin Epid Toxic

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Erysipelas is an infectious disease seen mainly in growing pigs and characterized clinically by fever, arthritis, skin lesions and sudden death. The disease may be acute, subacute, or chronic. Swine erysipelas is a disease caused by a specific micro organ Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae whic h is a zoonotic ubiquitous gram-positive bacterium that causes erysipelas in swine, mammals, birds and erysipeloid in humans. People in contact with animals, animal products or animal wastes are at greatest risk. The acute form of swine erysipelas may have been confused for other diseases in pigs which are characterized by acute symptoms such as sudden death (for example, African swine fever). It can be diagnosed by its clinical signs, necropsy findings, bacteriology, antimicrobial response, molecular and serological examinations. It is recommended to increase awareness of the disease among animal and human practitioners as treatment is easy and available and vaccination is possible. However, the disease is still unknown to local veterinarians, clinical doctors, meat inspectors, butchers and laboratory personnel. Proper hygiene, regular pork inspection, use of protective wear among people working/ in contact with animals should be promoted. The disease causes high economic loss in pig rearing areas and influences the public health being a severe zoonotic disease. So the objective of this review is to create a better understanding of the disease for proper control and prevention of the disease

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“…It may infect a very wide range of hosts for example many mammalian species including humans as well as many avian species with or without causing clinical disease (reviewed in [ 11 ]). Erysipelas was first described in the late nineteenth century but knowledge on many basic aspects regarding this infection including the epidemiology, route of infection, immunity to infection and prophylaxis, remain very limited (reviewed in [ 11 – 13 ]) particularly regarding chickens. In general, even though ER may survive in the environment for some time, asymptomatic carriers are considered the most important reservoir for the bacterium [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of IgY to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in serum from Swedish laying hens

et al. 2021

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Background Erysipelas, caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (ER), is an important emerging disease in free-range and organic egg-production. The aim of the present study was to assess if quantification of ER specific IgY titers may aid the understanding of erysipelas in commercial laying hens. The methodology was validated with sequentially collected sera from experimentally ER infected SPF-chickens and subsequently applied on sera from Swedish commercial laying hens collected during and after outbreaks of erysipelas or collected at slaughter from healthy hens housed in furnished cages, barn production or in organic production (with outdoor access). Results In experimentally infected SPF-chickens, titers to ER were significantly increased approximately one week after infection while IgY to ER in uninfected age-matched controls remained low. Also chickens infected with low doses of ER, not displaying clinical signs of disease and with low recovery of ER in blood samples showed high titers of IgY to ER. For laying hens during and after erysipelas outbreaks the majority of samples were considered positive for antibodies to ER with a large variation in levels of IgY titers to ER between individuals. For healthy laying hens at slaughter all samples were deemed positive for antibodies to ER. An influence of flock on levels of IgY titers to ER was observed for both healthy hens and hens during erysipelas outbreaks. For healthy laying hens at slaughter no influence of the housing systems included in the study, history of erysipelas outbreaks at the farm or vaccination on levels of IgY titers to ER was noticed. Conclusions Taken together, these results show that high numbers of commercial laying hens showed high IgY titers to ER, comparable to those elicited by experimental ER infection, indicating that ER or bacteria that raises antibodies that cross-react with ER are common in this environment.

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Erysipelothrix Spp.: Past, Present, and Future Directions in Vaccine Research

Cited by 50 publications

References 115 publications

Immune responses upon experimental Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection of naïve and vaccinated chickens

Immune responses upon experimental Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection of naïve and vaccinated chickens

Swine Erysipelas; It’s Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Control and Preventive Measures, Comprehensive Review

Quantification of IgY to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in serum from Swedish laying hens

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