Eschar and IgM ELISA in the diagnosis of scrub typhus

Perumalla, Susmitha Karunasree; Paul, Sania; Abhilash, KundavaramPaul Prabhakar; Gunasekaran, Karthik; Rose, Winsley; Mahasampath, Gowri; Jude, Prakash John

doi:10.4103/0255-0857.264495

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…The sensitivity of IgM ELISA and Scrub typhus rapid test in patients with fever is 44.19% and 46.40% respectively which was comparable with studies conducted by Sedhain et al ( 14 ) (35.9%), Munilakshmi et al ( 15 ) (41.7%) and Narvencar et al ( 14 ) (34%). Whereas the sensitivity of IgM ELISA and Scrub typhus rapid test in patients with eschar is 91.66 % and 41.66% respectively which was comparable with study conducted by Perumalla et al ( 15 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Serological Evidence of Scrub Typhus in Mizoram, North Eastern Region of India

Vanlalruati¹,

Hmingmawii²,

Ngurchamliana³

et al. 2022

Infect Dis Clin Microbiol

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Objective: Differentiating scrub typhus from other acute febrile illnesses is difficult due to non-specificity of clinical symptoms and relative absence of eschar in Indian population. Antibody based serological tests are mainstay of scrub typhus diagnosis. To order to determine the performance of immunochromatography and IgM ELISA, immunochromatography and scrub typhus IgM ELISA were performed to detect the presence of antibodies against Orientia tsutsugamushi in acute serum of patients with acute febrile illness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Serological Evidence of Scrub Typhus in Mizoram, North Eastern Region of India

Vanlalruati¹,

Hmingmawii²,

Ngurchamliana³

et al. 2022

Infect Dis Clin Microbiol

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“…[10][11][12] The finding of IgM antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi has some diagnostic significance. 13 However, these findings are not a basis for the diagnosis of ST. Rather, the identification of pathogen DNA is more specific. Kim et al found that the genotype and DNA load in the patient's circulation are useful markers of the severity of ST. 14 For the present three patients, blood or body fluid samples were collected for analysis of the microbial DNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“… 10 – 12 The finding of IgM antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi has some diagnostic significance. 13 However, these findings are not a basis for the diagnosis of ST. Rather, the identification of pathogen DNA is more specific. Kim et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Three cases of scrub typhus with hemorrhage: a case report and literature review

Chen,

OuYang

2023

J Int Med Res

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Scrub typhus (ST) is an acute focal infectious disease that is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. The Asia-Pacific region is an area of relatively high incidence. There is a high incidence in China, principally owing to the disease being endemic in the south of the country. The main source of ST infection is rats, which act as reservoirs of infection after being bitten by the chigger mite, and the human population is generally susceptible to the disease. ST can be controlled and treated successfully if antibiotics are administered in a timely manner. However, because it does not have a specific clinical manifestation, it is difficult to distinguish ST from other febrile diseases in clinical practice. Therefore, rapid diagnostic methods are still needed to help clinicians make a timely diagnosis. Here, we share three cases of patients with ST who experienced hemorrhage, but did not have typical skin lesions, such as eschar and ulcer, early in the course of their disease, and review the relevant literature regarding ST. We conclude that clinicians should pay attention to the risk of hemorrhage associated with this disease, and emphasize the importance of making an early diagnosis.

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“…Humans are the accidental host for the infection as they can pick up the mite when they walk, sit or lie down in the ground infested by chiggers 8 . A necrotic lesion, eschar which appears at the site of chigger bite 10 , 11 . Once infected, the patients may have symptoms like fever, headache, myalgia, cough, generalized lymphadenopathy, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate influences scrub typhus occurrence in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India: analysis of a 15-year dataset

D’Cruz,

Sreedevi,

Lynette

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Climate is one of the major factors determining the prevalence and seasonality of vector borne diseases like scrub typhus (ST). We analyzed, the association of the meteorological factors like temperature, rainfall and humidity with scrub typhus using the 15 years scrub typhus data from a tertiary care hospital in Vellore, South India. Demographic data of permanent residents of Vellore, who had IgM ELISA results for scrub typhus for the time period of May 2005 to April 2020 were included. Meteorological data was correlated with the monthly scrub typhus cases; negative binomial regression model was used to predict the relation between scrub typhus occurrence and climate factors. Maximum number of ST cases were reported between the months August and February with October recording the highest number of cases. Elderly people, farmers, agricultural workers and housewives were at higher risk for scrub typhus. For an increase of 1 °C in mean temperature, the monthly ST cases reduced by 18.8% (95% CI − 24.1, − 13.2%). On the contrary, for 1 percent increase in mean relative humidity (RH), there is an increase of 7.6% (95% CI 5.4, 9.9%) of monthly ST cases. Similarly, an increase of 1 mm of rainfall contributed to 0.5 to 0.7% of monthly ST cases (after 2 months) depending on the variables included in the analysis. This study provides information that meteorological factors influence ST occurrence in Vellore. The rise of scrub typhus cases is maximal 2 months post rainfall. Whereas a rise in relative humidity, causes a rise in scrub typhus cases in same month, while rise in temperature has a negative impact on scrub typhus during the same month. These findings based on a retrospective analysis need validation by prospective studies.

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Eschar and IgM ELISA in the diagnosis of scrub typhus

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Serological Evidence of Scrub Typhus in Mizoram, North Eastern Region of India

Serological Evidence of Scrub Typhus in Mizoram, North Eastern Region of India

Three cases of scrub typhus with hemorrhage: a case report and literature review

Climate influences scrub typhus occurrence in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India: analysis of a 15-year dataset

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