Espectro polínico da própolis de Scaptotrigona aff. postica (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) em Barra do Corda, MA, Brasil

Abstract

A própolis é uma substância resinosa coletada por abelhas de diferentes partes de uma planta, portanto, sua qualidade é relacionada à sua origem botânica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se os tipos polínicos encontrados indicam a origem botânica de suas resinas e contribuir com o conhecimento da relação destas abelhas com a vegetação do entorno do meliponário. Foram realizadas 31 coletas ao longo de 12 meses, com intervalo de sete dias entre elas. Os grãos de pólen foram extraídos da própolis e utilizados para confecção de lâminas para microscopia, posteriormente procedeu-se a identificação, contabilização e determinação das classes de frequência. Foram encontrados 94 tipos polínicos oriundos de 35 famílias botânicas. Borreria verticillata (34,17%) foi o tipo polínico mais frequente, seguido por Anadenanthera sp. (13,65%) e Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (10,5%). Fabaceae (38,37%) e Rubiaceae (34,18%) foram as famílias que apresentaram as maiores frequências polínicas. Foram encontrados também 34 tipos polínicos exclusivos, ou seja tipos ocorrentes somente em um determinado mês do ano, podendo ser indicadores da caracterização sazonal de floração das espécies e assim inferir dados sobre sua fenologia. Os resultados obtidos não possibilitaram a determinação da origem botânica das resinas, entretanto a grande variedade de tipos polínicos encontrados nas amostras de própolis indicou uma ampla interação entre as abelhas e as plantas e contribuíram para a caracterização fitogeográfica da própolis. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: abelha sem ferrão, meliponicultura, pólen.Pollen spectrum of Scaptotrigona aff. postica (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) propolis from Barra do Corda, MA, Brazil ABSTRACT Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees from different parts of a plant. Therefore, its quality is related to its botanical origin. The objective of the study was to verify whether the pollen types found indicate the botanical origin of their resins and contribute to understand the relationship of these bees with the vegetation surrounding the meliponary. Thirty one samples were collected over 12 months at seven day intervals. Pollen grains were extracted from the propolis and used to prepare microscope slides, after which identification, counting and determination of frequency classes was undertaken. A total of 94 pollen types were identified belonging to 35 plant families. Borreria verticillata (34.17%) was the most frequent pollen type, followed by Anadenanthera sp. (13.65%) and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (10.5%). Fabaceae (38.37%) and Rubiaceae (34.18%) were the families with the highest pollen frequencies. There were also found 34 unique pollen types, i.e. types that only occur on a given month of the year which may be characterised as seasonal indicators for flowering species and thus infer data on their phenology. The results obtained were not enough to determine the botanical origin of the resins; however the wide variety of pollen types found in the propolis samples indicated a broad interaction between bees and plants a...

Cardanols detected in non-polar propolis extracts from Scaptotrigona aff. postica (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini)

“…The most frequent pollen types found were Borreria verticillata, Anadenanthera sp. and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (Souza et al, 2015). Amongst the pollen types, 34 unique pollen types occurred in a given month of the year, which were characterized as seasonal indicators of flowering species, influenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate (Souza et al, 2015).…”

“…and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (Souza et al, 2015). Amongst the pollen types, 34 unique pollen types occurred in a given month of the year, which were characterized as seasonal indicators of flowering species, influenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate (Souza et al, 2015). Much research has been carried out using cardanol, suggesting different types of applications for this compound and its derivatives (Barbosa et al, 2019;Mubofu & Mgaya, 2018).…”

“…Some species of stingless bees add soil in the elaboration of their geopropolis (Dutra et al, 2014;Liberio et al, 2011), but the stingless bees Scaptotrigona aff. postica (Latreille, 1807), (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini), popularly known as "tubi", in Maranhão State, Brazil, produce their propolis without the addition of soil (Souza et al, 2015;Sawaya et al, 2009). Stingless bees or meliponines play an important role in pollination and agriculture and are present in tropical and neotropical regions throughout the world (Batista et al, 2016;Pedro, 2014).…”

Beekeeping in Brazil: A Bibliographic Review

“…The interaction between the growth habit of melliferous plants and the climate influences the flowering season and causes herbs and lianas to flower mainly in summer and autumn (January to June) and trees and shrubs in the spring (late September to December). There is availability of nectar and pollen throughout the year, with supply decreasing in the winter months (July to September) 07 Souza et al [17] Both the quantitative and qualitative analyses of the pollen types found in the propolis of Scaptotrigona aff. were valuable for their characterization.…”

Influência dos pontos cardeais e colaterais na nidificação de abelhas nativas em colmeias octogonais

“…Segundo Souza et al (2015), S. aff. postica possui a preferência pelo forrageamento da espécie arbórea Borreria verticillata da família Rubiaceae.…”