Essential Fatty Acids and the Brain

Haag, M.

doi:10.1177/070674370304800308

Cited by 355 publications

(287 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Cross-sectional studies in several psychiatric disorders generally show associations with a pattern of decreased concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids, and an increased omega-6/omega-3-ratio (Freeman 2000;Haag 2003). Evidence seems to be strongest for major depressive disorder (Lin et al 2010), but a similar pattern seems to exist for schizophrenia .…”

Section: Associations Between Fatty Acid Alterations and Psychiatric mentioning

confidence: 99%

Focus on fatty acids in the neurometabolic pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders

Mocking

Assies

Ruhé

et al. 2018

J of Inher Metab Disea

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Continuous research into the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizophrenia, suggests an important role for metabolism. This narrative review will provide an upto-date summary of how metabolism is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of these psychiatric disorders. We will focus on (I) the important role of fatty acids in these metabolic alterations, (II) whether fatty acid alterations represent epiphenomena or risk factors, and (III) similarities and dissociations in fatty acid alterations between different psychiatric disorders. (Historical) epidemiological evidence links fatty acid intake to psychiatric disorder prevalence, corroborated by altered fatty acid concentrations measured in psychiatric patients. These fatty acid alterations are connected with other concomitant pathophysiological mechanisms, including biological stress (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and oxidative stress), inflammation, and brain network structure and function. Metabolomics and lipidomics studies are underway to more deeply investigate this complex network of associated neurometabolic alterations. Supplementation of fatty acids as disease-modifying nutraceuticals has clinical potential, particularly add-on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in depressed patients with markers of increased inflammation. However, by interpreting the observed fatty acid alterations as partly (mal)adaptive phenomena, we attempt to nuance translational expectations and provide new clinical applications for these novel neurometabolic insights, e.g., to predict treatment response or depression recurrence. In conclusion, placing fatty acids in context can contribute to further understanding and optimized treatment of psychiatric disorders, in order to diminish their overwhelming burden of disease.

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Section: Associations Between Fatty Acid Alterations and Psychiatric mentioning

confidence: 99%

Focus on fatty acids in the neurometabolic pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders

Mocking

Assies

Ruhé

et al. 2018

J of Inher Metab Disea

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“…Gra y skiego 53, 40-126 Katowice, Poland; E-mails: agnieszka.wilczynska-kwiatek@us.edu.pl or agnieszkawk@hotmail.com system (CNS) and human brain [1]. They play a role in nervous system activity, neuroplasticity of nerve membranes [2], synaptogenesis [3], synaptic transmission [4] and neurotransmitter uptake. Most neurotransmitters, i.e.…”

Section: Nutrients and Brain Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and Behaviour: The Role of ω3 Fatty Acids

Wilczynska-Kwiatek¹,

Singh²,

Meester³

2010

TONUTRAJ

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This review article gathers evidence on the potential relationship between dietary intake of 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( 3 PUFAs) and mental function. Several pieces of evidence that 3 PUFAs influence affective and cognitive function are presented.Although published data and results available in the field remain limited and sometimes ambiguous, they have shed a new light on the role of proper diet in general, 3 PUFAs in particular, in many mental disorders and dysfunctions, including depression and cognitive decline in aging. The analysis of the influence of fatty acids on human health allows us to formulate a new, more holistic approach to both prevention and treatment of psychological disorders and dysfunctions. What is more, it appears that 3 PUFAs have a beneficial influence on mental function in healthy people as well.The currently available data concerning the influence of fatty acids on behaviour and mental function are still insufficient and suffer so far from lack of standard determination of background, intermediairy and endpoint omega-6/3 ratios in plasma lipids of patients involved in both epidemiological and intervention studies. There is a great need for further refined trials in the field.

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“…The fatty acids (FAs) composition, the chain length, the degree of saturation and the ratio between saturated and unsaturated FAs in phospholipids are of great importance for the maintenance of neural membrane integrity and fl uidity, as well as for its function [1,2]. Evidence indicates that the brain phospholipids contain a very high amount of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA), one FA of three is PUFA, predominantly arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6, AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3, DHA) [3,4]. Although, this composition seems to be quite constant it could be modulated by environmental infl uences such as diet or dietary supplementation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects Of Dietary Supplementation With A Mixture Of Buckwheat Leaf And Flower On Fatty Acid Composition Of Rat Brain Phospholipids

et al. 2015

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The aim of our study was to stablish the possible alternations in fatty acid composition of brain phospholipids in rats on a standard and high-fat diet supplemented with buckwheat leaf and fl ower mixture (BLF) and subsequent possible benefi cial effects of BLF. Four months old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into fi ve experimental groups fed a standard diet, standard diet supplemented with 5% BLF, high-fat diet, high-fat diet with full-period (13 weeks) of 5% BLF supplementation and high-fat diet with partial-period (7 weeks) of 5% BLF supplementation. Gas-liquid chromatography was performed to analyze the fatty acids in hexane lipid extracts of whole rat brains.Supplementation with BLF did not induce signifi cant changes in fatty acid composition of whole brain phospholipids in rats fed the standard diet. In rats on high-fat diet concomitant (full-period) BLF supplementation increased eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA), total n-6 and n-6/n-3 ratio, and decreased the percentage of oleic acid (18:1n-9) and estimated activity of Δ-9 desaturase. When BLF application was postponed (partial-period) in the case of developed hyperlipidemia, a decrease of stearic acid (18:0) accompanied with an increased estimated Δ-9 desaturase activity was observed. Regardless of BLF supplementation all high-fat diet-fed groups showed an elevated percentage of linoleic acid (18:2n-6, LA) and a reduced estimated Δ-6 desaturase activity.BLF contributes to the maintenance of stable fatty acid composition of brain phospholipids and supports normal brain function in high-fat diet rats, with more positive effects when BLF was applied before hyperlipidemia developed. This could be the mode of buckwheat health benefi cial effects on the brain.

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Essential Fatty Acids and the Brain

Cited by 355 publications

References 92 publications

Focus on fatty acids in the neurometabolic pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders

Focus on fatty acids in the neurometabolic pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders

Nutrition and Behaviour: The Role of ω3 Fatty Acids

Effects Of Dietary Supplementation With A Mixture Of Buckwheat Leaf And Flower On Fatty Acid Composition Of Rat Brain Phospholipids

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