Essential Oil Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Monticalia greenmaniana (Asteraceae)

Abstract

The essential oils from fresh aerial parts of Monticalia greenmaniana (Hieron) C. Jeffrey (Asteraceae) collected in March, were analyzed by GC/MS. Oil yields (w/v) of 0.1% (flowers), 0.07%, (stems) and 0.1% (leaves) were obtained by hydrodistillation. Thirteen, sixteen and eighteen components, respectively, were identified by comparison of their mass spectra with those in the Wiley GC-MS Library data base. The major components of the flower and stem oils were 1-nonane (38.8% flowers; 33.5% stems), α-pinene (29.0% flowers; 14.8% stems) and germacrene D (15.6% flowers; 18.6% stems). However, in the leaf oil, germacrene D was observed at 50.7%, followed by β-cedrene at 8.4 %. The leaf essential oil showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against the important human pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 25955) with MIC values ranging from 75 to 6000 ppm.

Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Flower Heads of Arnica Chamissonis Less. under a Nitrogen Impact

“…The concentration of oils in the A. chamissonis flower heads obtained from the L and S soils ranged from 0.151% to 0.180% and from 0.137% to 0.162%, respectively. The EO concentration in arnica flower heads is higher than in other plant species from this family, e.g., Monticalia greenmaniana [53] and see comment in PubMed Commons below Leucanthemum vulgare [46], but some species are characterized by a higher or similar concentration of EOs in dried aerial parts, e.g., Baccharis antioquensis and Diplostephium antioquense [66]. The EO contents presented in this paper are comparable to the results of our earlier studies on EOs in this species and similar to the EO content in A. montana flower heads [6,17].…”

“…It is worth adding that spathulenol and beta-pinene, detected in the EO of the latter species [83], were also found in the flower heads of chamisso arnica, where they accounted for over a dozen percent. Volatile oils containing germacrene D exhibit anticancer [55], antifungal [54], antibacterial [53], antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities [83]. This bioactive molecule was previously detected as a major component in the oil of Cananga odorata Hook.…”

“…Ex Hook & Arn. [74], and Monticalia greenmaniana (Hieron) C. Jeffrey [53], or representatives of other families, e.g., Ducrosia anethifolia Boiss [85]. Alpha-pinene has a significant effect on the inhibition of tumor invasion and may potentially be developed into an antimetastatic drug [43].…”

“…Germacrene D is a nonoxygenated sesquiterpene present as a dominant component in the EO of plant species in the Asteraceae family, e.g., A. millefolium [76], A. vulgaris [89], E. intermedium [47], M. greenmaniana [53], and S. africana [83]. It is worth adding that spathulenol and beta-pinene, detected in the EO of the latter species [83], were also found in the flower heads of chamisso arnica, where they accounted for over a dozen percent.…”

“…Moreover, EO containing caryophyllene oxide exerts an allelopathic effect on the germination and growth of weed seedlings [51]. In turn, volatile oils containing germacrene D exhibit anticancer, antifungal, and antibacterial activity [52][53][54][55]. Our former study [17], which was the first comprehensive study on the effect of boron application on the chemical composition of arnica EO, showed an increased yield of alpha-pinene, caryophyllene oxide, and germacrene D but a reduced yield of p-cymene and decanal in EO of A. chamissonis flower heads following boron treatment.…”