Essential oil composition and antibacterial studies ofVitex negundolinn. extracts

Abstract

Essential oils from fresh leaves, flowers and dried fruits of Vitex negundo were obtained by hydrodistillation. Using Soxhlet extractor five successive extracts from dried and powdered leaves were also taken. The chemical constituents of essential oil of leaves, flowers and dried fruits were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS techniques. Main constituents identified in leaves oil were δ-guaiene, carryophyllene epoxide and ethyl-hexadecenoate; in flowers oil - α-selinene, germacren-4-ol, carryophyllene epoxide and (E)-nerolidol while fruit oil showed β-selinene, α-cedrene, germacrene D and hexadecanoic acid as the main constituents. β-Caryophyllene was only the constituent identified as common to all three oils. α-Guaiene and guaia-3,7-diene were identified as common constituents in leaf and dried fruit oil while leaf and flower oils showed p -cymene, valencene, caryophyllene epoxide and (E)-nerolidol as common constituent. All the essential oils and successive extracts were evaluated for antibacterial potential against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strains. Each of the essential oils and extracts were found to give promising results against B. subtilis and E. coli. Ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts showed prominent antibacterial activity against all the tested strains. Fruits and leaves oil were found to be most active against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Only flowers oil was found to be active against P. aeruginosa.

Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Syzygium aromaticum Extract and Essential oil

“…Subsequently, 50 μL of the essential oil was transferred into triplicate wells; sterile DMSO (50 μL) was the negative control for the assay while ciprofloxacin (50 μL) and ketoconazole (50 μL) served as positive controls for antibacterial and antifungal assays respectively. The plates were incubated after 1 hour at 37°C for 24 hours for bacteria growth (Khokra et al, 2008) and 28°C for fungi (Fiori et al, 2000). Zones of inhibition were recorded to the nearest diameter in millimeter according to Moreira et al, (2007).…”

Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Six Indian Plant Extracts against Streptococcus Mutans

“…The plates were allowed to stand for 10 min for diffusion of the extract to take place and incubated at 37ºC for 24h [18][19][20]. Sterile Distilled water and 20% DMSO served as the negative control, and 0.2% Chlorhexidine served as the positive controls.…”

Protective Effect of a Standardized Fraction from Vitex negundo Linn. Against Acetaminophen and Galactosamine Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rodents

“…Leaves and seeds are reported for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-arthritic activities [4,5]. Significant anti-fungal [6] and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been reported [7]. Alcoholic extract of the seeds is reported for hepatoprotective activity against CCl 4 [8], leaves against anti-tubercular drugs and thioacetamide induced hepatotoxicity [9,10].…”