Establishing a China malaria diagnosis reference laboratory network for malaria elimination

Yin, Jiong; He, Yao; Huang, Fang; Li, Mei; Xiao, Huihui; Zhou, Shui-Sen; Xia, Zhigui

doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0556-z

Cited by 43 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Besides, several reasons might also contribute to the changed temporal clusters, for faster and more accurate diagnosis of malaria cases, timely treatment, and continually improved indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets/long-lasting insecticide nets coverage. 6,28,35,36 In the spatiotemporal scan statistics analyses, we observed two most likely clusters during 2004-2009, and 2010-2014. One was identified from July 1, 2005, to November 30, 2007, in the Anhui Province.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Additionally, we found that the lag effects of monthly average rainfall and temperature on malaria incidence had gradually reduced from 1 month (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009) to zero month (2010-2014), implying that no lag effect for meteorological factors on monthly malaria incidence was identified in more recent years. This phenomenon may be attributed to the following reasons: imported cases from southeast Asia and Africa changed the epidemic characteristics of malaria, for example, a large number of infected individuals within the incubation period of malaria entered China from abroad and were diagnosed locally, 33 which meant that the imported cases would directly increase the number of cases identified that were not dependent on local climate conditions or mosquitoes density; knowledge and skills of medical staff increased; techniques allowing for earlier diagnosis, including rapid diagnosis tests, were used and increased rates of early diagnosis 36 ; and a more suitable environment increased mosquito density and contributed to the transmission of malaria. 41 In summary, the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in China mainland had changed since 2010, the prevention and control measures should be strengthened in the border area of Yunnan Province, quarantine measures at the borders must be strengthened for the increasing imported cases, especially for the returned laborers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Malaria Epidemic in Mainland China, 2004–2014

Huang

Liao

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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The purpose of this study is to characterize spatiotemporal heterogeneities in malaria distribution at a provincial level and investigate the association between malaria incidence and climate factors from 2004 to 2014 in China to inform current malaria control efforts. National malaria incidence peaked (4.6/100,000) in 2006 and decreased to a very low level (0.21/100,000) in 2014, and the proportion of imported cases increased from 16.2% in 2004 to 98.2% in 2014. Statistical analyses of global and local spatial autocorrelations and purely spatial scan statistics revealed that malaria was localized in Hainan, Anhui, and Yunnan during 2004-2009 and then gradually shifted and clustered in Yunnan after 2010. Purely temporal clusters shortened to less than 5 months during 2012-2014. The two most likely clusters detected using spatiotemporal analysis occurred in Anhui between July 2005 and November 2007 and Yunnan between January 2010 and June 2012. Correlation coefficients for the association between malaria incidence and climate factors sharply decreased after 2010, and there were zero-month lag effects for climate factors during 2010-2014. Overall, the spatiotemporal distribution of malaria in China changed from relatively scattered (2004-2009) to relatively clustered (2010-2014). As the proportion of imported cases increased, the effect of climate factors on malaria incidence has gradually become weaker since 2011. Therefore, new warning systems should be applied to monitor resurgence and outbreaks of malaria in mainland China, and quarantine at borders should be reinforced to control the increasingly trend of imported malaria cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Malaria Epidemic in Mainland China, 2004–2014

Huang

Liao

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…As a category B notifiable infectious disease in China, health facilities at all levels have the responsibility to report malaria cases within 24 h after diagnosis according to the law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases [25]. In a way, if patients were diagnosed as malaria, their visits to health facilities would be recorded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of malaria patients seeking care in different types of health facilities during the implementation of National Malaria Elimination Programme

Feng

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2020

Malar J

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Background: China launched the National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) in 2010 and set the goal that all health facilities should be able to diagnose malaria. Additionally, hospitals at all levels could treat malaria by 2015. To provide a reference for the control of imported malaria, a study was conducted on the distribution of malaria patients seeking care in different types of health facilities. Methods: There were two data sources. One was obtained through the Infectious Diseases Information Reporting Management System (IDIRMS), which only contained the name of health facilities and the number of cases. The other was obtained through multistage stratified cluster sampling. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to investigate the distribution of malaria patients attending different types of health facilities (hospitals, township hospitals, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), hospital tiers (county-level, prefecture-level, and provincial-level), and hospital levels (primary, secondary, and tertiary). Chi-square test was also used to compare the proportions of patients seeking care outside their current residence region between different types of hospitals. Point maps were drawn to visualize the spatial distribution of hospitals reporting malaria cases, and flow maps were created to show the spatial flow of malaria patients by using the ArcGIS software. Results: The proportions of malaria patients who sought care in hospitals, township hospitals, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were 81.7%, 14.7%, and 3.6%, respectively. For those who sought care in hospitals, the percentages of patients who sought care in provincial-level, prefecture-level and county-level hospitals were 17.4%, 60.5% and 22.1%, correspondingly; the proportions of patients who sought care in tertiary hospitals, secondary hospitals, and primary hospitals were 59.8%, 39.9%, and 0.3%, respectively. Moreover, the proportions of patients seeking care in hospitals within county and prefectural administrative areas were 18.2%, 63.4%, respectively. Conclusion: During the implementation of NMEP, malaria patients tended to seek care in tertiary hospitals and prefecture-level hospitals, and more than half of patients could be treated in hospitals in prefecture-level areas. In

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“…However, increasing numbers of imported malaria cases have become a potential threat to the implementation of the NMEP because of frequent international trade activities and migrations [1][2][3]. One key step in response to the imported cases is to identify Plasmodium-infected patients or carriers as quickly and accurately as possible [4,5]. In China, it was a very rare case that huge mobile populations come back from hyperendemic areas of malaria at local transmission season within a month.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%