Establishment of Validation Methods to Test the Biocompatibility of Titanium Dioxide

Abstract

Most of biomaterials come in direct contact with the body, making standardized methods of evaluation and validation of biocompatibility an important aspect to biomaterial development. However, biomaterial validation guidelines have not been fully established, until now. This study was to compare the in vitro behavior of osteoblasts cultured on nanomaterial TiO2 surfaces to osteoblast behavior on culture plates. Comparisons were also made to cells grown in conditioned media (CM) that creates an environment similar to the in vivo environment. Comparisons were made between the different growth conditions for osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and functionality. We found that the in vivo-like system of growing cells in concentrated CM provided a good validation method for biomaterial development and in vivo implant therapy. The TiO2 materials were biocompatible, showing similar behavior to that observed in vivo. This study provided valuable information that would aid in the creation of guidelines into standardization and evaluation of biocompatibility in TiO2 biomaterials.

Porous Nanomaterials Targeting Autophagy in Bone Regeneration

“…The physicochemical stability and mechanical properties of collagen hydrogel were improved by modification of aminated mesoporous bioactive glass in order to be better applied in tissue engineering stem cell culture [33]. Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO 2 NTs) are a type of classic PNMs with a diameter in the range of 30-100 nm, which have been widely used to construct and modify scaffolds to enhance cell attachment [63] and osseointegration [64,65]. N.K.…”

“…Recently, considerable attention has been devoted to the generation of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) through electrochemical anodization, a method that produces nanostructures to improve biocompatibility and cellular behavior on the surface of metal-based implants such as Ti, Ti-based alloys, tantalum (Ta), and zirconium (Zr) [136]. In particular, TiO 2 NTs with a diameter in the range of 30-100 nm have been found to facilitate cell attachment [63] and osseointegration [64,65]. Awad, N.K., summarized the potential applications of TiO 2 NTs in clinical implants [66].…”

Biocompatibility and Surface Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Deposited by DC Magnetron Sputtering

“…TiO 2 films are an option for use in solar cells, photocatalysis, sensors, photoelectrolysis, biomedical devices, and biomaterials [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. TiO 2 has three main polymorphic phases: rutile, anatase and brookite.…”

Structural properties and surface oxidation states of sputter‐deposited TiO2−x thin films

“…In the recent years, TiO 2− x thin films have been extensively studied because of their interesting photocatalytic, optical, and electrical properties 7–9 . TiO 2− x films are widely used in various fields like solar cells, photocatalysis, sensors, photoelectrolysis, memory application, and biomedical devices 10–17 . In particular, anatase (A) phase is an extensively used material for various applications like lithium‐ion batteries, filters, antireflective, and high reflective coatings and has been widely studied 13 .…”

“…[7][8][9] TiO 2−x films are widely used in various fields like solar cells, photocatalysis, sensors, photoelectrolysis, memory application, and biomedical devices. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In particular, anatase (A) phase is an extensively used material for various applications like lithium-ion batteries, filters, antireflective, and high reflective coatings and has been widely studied. 13 Further, the presence of mixed anatase-rutile (A-R) phase leads to a synergetic effect between two phases that improves the photoactivity of TiO 2−x .…”