Esterification and Transesterification of Renewable Chemicals

Hoydonckx, H; Vos, Dirk De; Chavan, Suhas A.; Jacobs, Pierre

doi:10.1023/b:toca.0000013543.96438.1a

Cited by 254 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…For instance, Otera and co-workers have reported the successful use of distannoxanes as catalysts in esterification reactions of several organic substrates [23]. In addition, other organotin compounds such as BuSn(O)OH have shown high catalytic activity [24]. Conversely, although the catalytic activity of some tributyltin alkoxides is recognized, the final yield of the process proved to be disappointing [24].…”

Section: Environmental Benefits Of Use Of Lewis Acid Catalysts For Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, other organotin compounds such as BuSn(O)OH have shown high catalytic activity [24]. Conversely, although the catalytic activity of some tributyltin alkoxides is recognized, the final yield of the process proved to be disappointing [24]. Recently, the use of metal complexes with the pyrone ligand (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone) as catalysts in soybean oil methanolysis under homogeneous conditions was described by Ziani and coworkers, and resulted in a high yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) [25,26].…”

Section: Environmental Benefits Of Use Of Lewis Acid Catalysts For Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by SnCl2: A Kinetic Investigation

2008

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Abstract:The production of biodiesel from low-cost raw materials which generally contain high amounts of free fatty acids (FFAs) is a valuable alternative that would make their production costs more competitive than petroleum-derived fuel. Currently, the production of biodiesel from this kind of raw materials comprises a two-stage process, which requires an initial acid-catalyzed esterification of the FFA, followed by a basecatalyzed transesterification of the triglycerides. Commonly, the acid H 2 SO 4 is the catalyst on the first step of this process. It must be said, however, that major drawbacks such as substantial reactor corrosion and the great generation of wastes, including the salts formed due to neutralization of the mineral acid, are negative and virtually unsurmountable aspects of this protocol. In this paper, tin(II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O), an inexpensive Lewis acid, was evaluated as catalyst on the ethanolysis of oleic acid, which is the major component of several fat and vegetable oils feedstocks. Tin chloride efficiently promoted the conversion of oleic acid into ethyl oleate in ethanol solution and in soybean oil samples, under mild reaction conditions. The SnCl 2 catalyst was shown to be as active as the mineral acid H 2 SO 4 . Its use has relevant advantages in comparison to mineral acids catalysts, such as less corrosion of the reactors and as well as avoiding the unnecessary neutralization of products. Herein, the effect of the principal parameters of reaction on the yield and rate of ethyl oleate production has been investigated. Kinetic measurements revealed that the esterification of oleic acid catalyzed by SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O is first-order in relation to both FFAs and catalyst concentration. Experimentally, it was verified that the energy of activation of the esterification reaction of oleic acid catalyzed by SnCl 2 was very close those reported for H 2 SO 4 . OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2008, 1 80

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Section: Environmental Benefits Of Use Of Lewis Acid Catalysts For Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Benefits Of Use Of Lewis Acid Catalysts For Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by SnCl2: A Kinetic Investigation

2008

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“…Glycerol monoester has been prepared by esterification of fatty acid with glycerol, using acidic solids instead of sulfuric acid [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Strategies For Biomass Conversion Into Bioproducts 61mentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Options for the Catalytic Conversion of Renewables into Bioproducts

Gallezot

2007

Catalysis for Renewables

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“…A direct esterifi cation method is the most commonly used in the case of esters of higher alcohols (> C 4 ). These esters can also be obtained by transesterifi cation of fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) with suitable and easily accessible higher alcohols 1 . This approach is often applied to the present on the market in large quantities various types of methyl esters derived from vegetable oils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification of fatty acids with C₈-C₉ alcohols over selected sulfonic heterogeneous catalysts

Nowicki

Mosio-Mosiewski

2013

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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A study on the synthesis of esters of fatty acids of natural origin (oleic acid from rapeseed oil) and branched synthetic isostearic acid with commercially available alcohols C 8 -C 9 i.e. 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH) and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol (TMH) in the presence of selected heterogeneous catalysts containing active sulfonic groups has been made. The catalysts were obtained using ready available amorphous silicas with different textural characteristics. The infl uence of catalyst porosity on the catalytic properties in the esterifi cation of fatty acids has been investigated. The effect of the synthesis temperature has also been studied. The results were compared with the results of esterifi cation with the use of acidic ion exchange resins. It was shown that catalysts obtained on the basis of amorphous silicas are good and reusable catalysts for the esterifi cation of fatty acids with higher alcohols.

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Esterification and Transesterification of Renewable Chemicals

Cited by 254 publications

References 92 publications

Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by SnCl2: A Kinetic Investigation

Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by SnCl2: A Kinetic Investigation

Process Options for the Catalytic Conversion of Renewables into Bioproducts

Esterification of fatty acids with C₈-C₉ alcohols over selected sulfonic heterogeneous catalysts

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Esterification and Transesterification of Renewable Chemicals

Cited by 254 publications

References 92 publications

Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by SnCl2: A Kinetic Investigation

Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by SnCl2: A Kinetic Investigation

Process Options for the Catalytic Conversion of Renewables into Bioproducts

Esterification of fatty acids with C8-C9 alcohols over selected sulfonic heterogeneous catalysts

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Esterification of fatty acids with C₈-C₉ alcohols over selected sulfonic heterogeneous catalysts