Estimated changes in free sugar consumption one year after the UK Soft drinks industry levy came into force: controlled interrupted time series analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2011-2019)

Abstract

Background The UK soft drinks industry levy (SDIL) was announced in March 2016 and implemented in April 2018, encouraging manufacturers to reduce the sugar content of soft drinks. This is the first study to investigate changes in individual-level consumption of free sugars in relation to the SDIL. Methods We used controlled interrupted time series (2011-2019) to explore changes in consumption of free sugars in the whole diet and from soft drinks alone, 11 months post-SDIL implementation in a nationally representative sample of adults (>18y; n=7,999) and children (1.5-19y; n=7656) drawn from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Estimates were based on differences between observed data and a counterfactual scenario of no SDIL announcement/implementation. Models included protein consumption (control) and accounted for autocorrelation. Results Accounting for trends prior to the SDIL announcement there were absolute reductions in daily consumption of free sugars from the whole diet in children and adults of 4.8g(95%CI: 0.6g to 9.1g) and 10.9g(95%CI: 7.8g to 13.9g), respectively. Comparable reductions in free sugar consumption from drinks alone were 3.0g(95%CI: 0.1g to 5.8g) and 5.5g(95%CI: 2.7g to 8.3g). The percentage of total dietary energy from free sugars declined over the study period but was not significantly different to the counterfactual. Conclusion The SDIL led to significant reductions in dietary free sugar consumption in children and adults. Energy from free sugar as a percentage of total energy did not change relative to the counterfactual which could be due to simultaneous reductions in total energy intake associated with reductions in dietary free sugar.