Estimated heat production, blood parameters and mitochondrial DNA copy number of Nellore bulls (Bos indicus) with high and low residual feed intake

Baldassini, Welder Angelo; Ramsey, Jon J.; Branco, Renata Helena; Bonilha, Sarah Figueiredo Martins; Chiaratti, Marcos Roberto; Chaves, Amália Saturnino; Lanna, Dante Pazzanese Duarte

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2018.10.004

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Given that we noted a lower mtDNA copy number for L, yet a higher HP, compared with H, these results suggest that H potentially has a higher oxidative phosphorylation efficiency compared with L. Furthermore, Fonseca et al (2015) and Tizioto et al (2015) observed a higher relative expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in the liver of low-RFI beef cattle compared with high-RFI cattle. Because UCP2 is housed in the mitochondria, a difference in its expression could result from differences in mitochondrial content, which aligns with our own results, as we detected a greater relative mitochondrial content in H compared with L. However, a recent study by Baldassini et al (2018b) did not detect a difference in mitochondrial content between RFI groups in liver, muscle, or adipose tissue of beef bulls. McKenna et al (2020) also reported no difference in mitochondrial abundance in muscle or liver in beef bulls, using citrate synthase as a marker.…”

Section: Groupsupporting

confidence: 90%

Differences in net fat oxidation, heat production, and liver mitochondrial DNA copy numbers between high and low feed-efficient dairy cows

Kennedy

Becker

Hammon

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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Improving feed utilization efficiency in dairy cattle could have positive economic and environmental effects that would support the sustainability of the dairy industry. Identifying key differences in metabolism between high and low feed-efficient animals is vital to enhancing feed conversion efficiency. Therefore, our objectives were (1) to determine whether cows grouped by either high or low feed efficiency have measurable differences in net fat and carbohydrate metabolism that account for differences in heat production (HP), and if so, whether these differences also exists under conditions of feed withdrawal when the effect of feeding on HP is minimized, and (2) to determine whether the abundance of mitochondria in the liver can be related to the high or low feed-efficient groups. Ten dairy cows from a herd of 15 (parity = 2) were retrospectively grouped into either a high (H) or a low (L) feed-efficient group (n = 5 per group) based on weekly energy-corrected milk (ECM) divided by dry mater intake (DMI) from wk 4 through 30 of lactation. Livers were biopsied at wk −4, 2, and 12, and blood was sampled weekly from wk −3 to 12 relative to parturition. Blood was subset to be analyzed for the transition period (wk −3 to 3) and from wk 4 to 12. In wk 5.70 ± 0.82 (mean ± SD) postpartum (PP), cows spent 2 d in respiration chambers (RC), in which CO 2 , O 2 , and CH 4 gases were measured every 6 min for 24 h. Fatty acid oxidation (FOX), carbohydrate oxidation (COX), metabolic respiratory quotient (RQ), and HP were calculated from gas measurements for 23 h. Cows were fed ad libitum (AD-LIB) on d 1 and had feed withdrawn (RES, restricted diet) on d 2. Additional blood samples were taken at the end of the AD-LIB and RES feeding periods in the RC. During wk 4 to 30 PP, H had greater DMI/kg of metabolic body weight (BW 0.75 ), ECM per kilogram of BW 0.75 yield, and ECM/DMI ratio, compared with L, but a lower body condition score between wk 4 and 12 PP. In the RC period, we detected no differences in BW, DMI, or milk yield between groups. We also detected no significant group or group by feeding period interactions for plasma metabolites except for Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index, which tended to have a group by feeding period interaction. The H group had lower HP and HP per kilogram of BW 0.75 compared with L. Additionally, H had lower FOX and FOX per kilogram of BW 0.75 compared with L during the AD-LIB period. Methane, CH 4 per kilogram of BW 0.75 , and CH 4 per kilogram of milk yield were lower in H compared with L, but, when adjusted for DMI, CH 4 / DMI did not differ between groups, nor did HP/DMI. Relative mitochondrial DNA copy numbers in the liver were lower in the L than in the H group. These results suggest that lower feed efficiency in dairy cows may result from fewer mitochondria per liver cell as well as a greater whole-body HP, which likely partially results from higher net fat oxidation.

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Section: Groupsupporting

confidence: 90%

Differences in net fat oxidation, heat production, and liver mitochondrial DNA copy numbers between high and low feed-efficient dairy cows

Kennedy

Becker

Hammon

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Characterization of feeding behavior traits in steers with divergent residual feed intake consuming a high-concentrate diet

Parsons

Johnson

Word

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to examine the differences in feeding behavior patterns of steers with divergent phenotypes for residual feed intake (RFI). Three trials were conducted with 508 Angus-based composite crossbred steers (body weight [BW] = 309 ± 57 kg) fed a high-concentrate diet in pens equipped with electronic feed bunks (GrowSafe System). Initial and final carcass ultrasound measurements (intra-muscular fat, backfat depth, and rib-eye area) were collected on days 0 and 70, and BW measured at 14-d intervals. Individual dry matter intake (DMI) and feeding behavior traits were collected for 70 d, and RFI calculated as the residual from the regression of DMI on average daily gain (ADG) and mid-test BW0.75. Steers were ranked by RFI and assigned to low-, medium-, and high-RFI classes based on ± 0.5 SD from the mean RFI within the trial. The feeding behavior traits evaluated in this study included frequency and duration of bunk visit (BV) and meal events, head-down (HD) duration, mean meal length, time-to-bunk interval, the maximum nonfeeding interval, and the day-to-day variation of these traits, defined as the root mean squared error (RMSE) from linear regression of each trait on the day of trial. Additionally, three ratio traits were evaluated: BV events per meal, HD duration per BV event, and HD duration per meal event. Low-RFI (feed-efficient) steers consumed 16% less (P < 0.01) DMI, while BW and ADG were not different compared with high-RFI steers. Low-RFI steers had 18% fewer and 21% shorter (P < 0.01) BV events, and 11% fewer and 13% shorter (P < 0.01) meal events per day compared with high-RFI steers. Furthermore, low-RFI steers exhibited less (P < 0.05) day-to-day variance in DMI, as well as in frequency and duration of BV and meal events and HD duration compared with high-RFI steers. Differences in feeding behavior traits due to RFI were minimally affected by covariate adjustment for DMI, indicating that steers with divergent RFI have distinct feeding behavior patterns that are largely independent of differences in DMI. These results suggest that feeding behavior traits may be useful biomarkers for the prediction of feed efficiency in beef cattle.

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Influence of environmental factors and genetic variation on mitochondrial DNA copy number

Sanglard

Kuehn

Snelling

et al. 2022

Journal of Animal Science

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Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN) has been shown to be highly heritable and associated with traits of interest in humans. However, studies are lacking in the literature for livestock species such as beef cattle. In this study, 2,371 individuals from a crossbred beef population comprising the Germplasm Evaluation program from the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center had samples of blood, leucocyte, or semen collected for low-pass sequencing (LPS) that resulted in both nuclear DNA (nuDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence reads. Mitochondrial DNA CN was estimated based on the ratio of mtDNA to nuDNA coverages. Genetic parameters for mtDNA CN were estimated from an animal model based on a genomic relationship matrix (~87K SNP from the nuDNA). Different models were used to test the effects of tissue, sex, age at sample collection, heterosis, and breed composition. Maternal effects, assessed by fitting a maternal additive component and by fitting eleven SNP on the mtDNA, were also obtained. As previously reported, mtDNA haplotypes were used to classify individuals into Taurine haplogroups (T1, T2, T3/T4, and T5). Estimates of heritability when fitting fixed effects in addition to the intercept were moderate, ranging from 0.11 to 0.31 depending on the model. From a model ignoring contemporary group, semen samples had the lowest mtDNA CN, as expected, followed by blood and leucocyte samples (P ≤ 0.001). The effect of sex and the linear and quadratic effects of age were significant (P ≤ 0.02) depending on the model. When significant, females had greater mtDNA CN than males. The effects of heterosis and maternal heterosis were not significant (P ≥ 0.47). The estimates of maternal and mtDNA heritability were near zero (≤0.03). Most of the samples (98%) were classified as haplogroup T3. Variation was observed in the mtDNA within Taurine haplogroups, which enabled the identification of 24 haplotypes. These results suggest that mtDNA CN is under nuclear genetic control and would respond favorably to selection.

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Estimated heat production, blood parameters and mitochondrial DNA copy number of Nellore bulls (Bos indicus) with high and low residual feed intake

Cited by 4 publications

References 46 publications

Differences in net fat oxidation, heat production, and liver mitochondrial DNA copy numbers between high and low feed-efficient dairy cows

Differences in net fat oxidation, heat production, and liver mitochondrial DNA copy numbers between high and low feed-efficient dairy cows

Characterization of feeding behavior traits in steers with divergent residual feed intake consuming a high-concentrate diet

Influence of environmental factors and genetic variation on mitochondrial DNA copy number

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