Estimating amperometric spike parameters resulting from quantal exocytosis using curve fitting seeded by a matched-filter algorithm

Abstract

Background: Quantal exocytosis of oxidizable neurotransmitters can be detected as spikes of amperometric current using electrochemical microelectrodes. Measurements of spike parameters indicate the maximal transmitter flux, flux duration, and amount of transmitter released from individual vesicles. Automated analysis algorithms need to reject spikes that overlap in time. In addition, many spikes are preceded by small amplitude “foot” signals, attributed to slow release of transmitter through a fusion pore. Accurate pre-spike baseline determination is essential for estimating fusion-pore duration and the amount of transmitter released through the fusion pore. New Method: We developed an estimation approach that is based on fitting a multi-exponential function to the data. Our previously described matched-filter algorithm is used to identify the sections of data to fit and provides seed values to facilitate convergence of the iterative fit. The new estimation algorithm includes overlap rejection, a two-step fitting procedure and a novel baseline estimation procedure. Results: Histograms of spike parameters demonstrate excellent agreement of the new approach with manually computed parameters. Comparison with Existing Methods: Parameter estimates generated using the new approach are closer to blind manual estimates than commonly used existing methods. The improved performance is due to better detection of valid spikes and rejection of overlapping spikes. Moreover, since the complete time course of the spike is fit to a function, more complete information about the spike time course is captured. Conclusions: The matched-filter seeded algorithm reliably rejects overlaps and estimates spike and foot signal parameters in a fully automated manner.

Analytical Determination of Serotonin Exocytosis in Human Platelets with BDD-on-Quartz MEA Devices

“…Observing the recorded signals from human platelets reveals a high heterogeneity in the kinetics and quantum size of amperometric spikes (Figure 5). This phenomenon is well documented and common to other cell types [40][41][42][43], such as chromaffin [44,45], PC12 [46,47], or mast cells, which have been associated with different types of exocytosis (full vs. partial release) [47]. Factors such as intravesicular content and its inner distribution (matrix vs. halo) [47], fusion pore kinetics, and its expansion [48,49] contribute to this heterogeneity.…”

Recent developments concerning the investigation of exocytosis with amperometry

“…Furthermore, this M-F A added to an estimation approach that fits the data with a multiexponential function shows overlap rejection, a two-step simulation procedure, and a novel baseline estimate. It also estimates spike and foot signal features automatically [27].…”