Instability in carotid vulnerable plaque can generate cerebral microemboli, that may be related to both stroke and eventual cognitive abnormality. Strain imaging to detect plaque vulnerability based on regions with large strain fluctuations, with arterial pulsation, may be able to determine risk of cognitive impairment. Plaque instability may be characterized by increased strain variations over a cardiac cycle. Radiofrequency signals for ultrasound strain imaging were acquired from the carotid arteries of 24 human subjects using a Siemens Antares with a VFX 13-5 linear array transducer. These patients underwent standardized cognitive assessment (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS)). Plaque regions were segmented by a radiologist at end-diastole using the Medical Imaging Interaction Toolkit. A hierarchical block-matching motion tracking algorithm was utilized to estimate the cumulated axial, lateral, and shear strains within the imaging plane. The maximum, minimum and peak-to-peak strain indices in the plaque computed from the mean cumulated strain over a small region of interest in the plaque with large deformations, were obtained. The maximum and peak-to-peak mean cumulated strain indices over the entire plaque region were also computed. All the strain indices were then correlated with RBANS Total performance. Overall cognitive performance (RBANS Total) was negatively associated with values of the maximum strain and the peak-to-peak for axial and lateral strains respectively. There was no significant correlation between the RBANS Total score and shear strain, and strain indices averaged over the entire identified plaque for this group of patients. However, correlation of the maximum lateral strain was higher for symptomatic patients (r=−0.650, p=0.006) than that for asymptomatic patients (r=−0.115, p=0.803). On the other hand correlation for maximum axial strain averaged over the entire plaque region was significantly higher for asymptomatic patients (r=−0.817, p=0.016) than that for symptomatic patients (r=−0.224, p=0.402). The results reveal a direct relationship between the maximum axial and lateral strain indices in carotid plaque with cognitive impairment.