Estimating heritability of refractive error in Koreans: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Hwang, Ho Sik; Park, Gyeong Hun; Heo, Junyoung; Kim, Mee Kum; Baek, Seung Hee; Cho, Bum-Joo

doi:10.1111/aos.13915

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…With potential myopia genes in family, offspring has higher possibility to have myopia if they do not have good lifestyle and habits. Hwang et al [ 20 ] discovered that the heritability of mild myopia and high myopia are 44.3% and 68.9% in Koreans, which is higher than our result. The possible reasons include different lifestyles between two races, learning environment and social environment, or different age groups of the research object.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Familial Aggregation and Heritability of Myopia: A Local Population Survey in Shanxi, China

Wang

Bi²,

Wang

2021

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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Purpose. To further determine the roles of environmental and genetic factors in the development of myopia, a comprehensive survey was performed. The guidance for myopia-susceptible people is established which might help prevent or delay the onset and development of myopia. Methods. 1,852 students were recruited using the multistage sampling approach from the Gaoping county in Shanxi. The refractive status of students was examined using an autorefractometer, and the refractive status of students’ first-degree relatives was collected using a well-designed questionnaire. Family aggregation of myopia was analyzed according to the myopic status of the students (nonmyopic or myopic group). The prevalence and heritability of myopia in students and their first-degree relatives were further explored by subdividing into mild, moderate, and high myopia groups. Significance analysis among each group was performed by the χ2 test using SPSS 25.0 software. Falconer’s method was used to calculate the inheritability of myopia. Results. A total of 1,852 subjects were recruited in this study, and 1,813 subjects were finally included. The family aggregation of myopia in the myopic student group (34.7%) was significantly higher than that in the nonmyopic group (8.5%). The prevalence of mild, moderate, and high myopia in children (students and siblings) was higher than that in their parents. The rate of high myopia (6.33%) was significantly higher among students with one or both myopic parents than those without myopic parents (3.85%). The heritability of mild, moderate, and high myopia among parents-offspring was 3.72%, 20.47%, and 48.00%, respectively. The heritability of mild, moderate, and high myopia among siblings was 17.50%, 86.09%, and 78.75%, which is significantly higher than that among parents-offspring. In addition to genetic factors, extensive near-work time, higher education pressure, and minimal outdoor activities contribute significantly to mild and moderate myopia. Conclusions. Myopia is of high risk due to familial aggregation. Students with a family history of myopia are more likely to have high myopia than those without family history. The occurrence and development of high myopia are affected by both the genetic and environmental factors, which could either weaken or strengthen myopia. Therefore, students with a family history of myopia should pay close attention to their eye health to avoid the occurrence of myopia and the deepening of diopter, which may lead to high myopia and its related complications.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Familial Aggregation and Heritability of Myopia: A Local Population Survey in Shanxi, China

Wang

Bi²,

Wang

2021

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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“…Prevalence of myopia has rapidly increased during the last two decades, especially in south-east Asia, but also in the western world [1–4]. Both environmental factors and genetic factors are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of myopia [5–10]. Several environmental factors are described to be related to prevalence and severity of myopia such as near work and lack of outdoor activity during childhood [11, 12], level of education [13, 14], and residence (urban vs. rural) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopia is associated with education: Results from NHANES 1999-2008

et al. 2019

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PurposeMyopia is increasing worldwide and possibly linked to education. In this study, we analyse the association of myopia and education in the U.S. and investigate its age-dependency.MethodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis using the public use files from the cross-sectional study National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of the period from 1999 to 2008. 19,756 participants aged 20 to 85 years were included with data on education and ophthalmic parameters (distance visual acuity, objective refraction and keratometry). Spherical equivalent, astigmatism, corneal power and corneal astigmatism were evaluated for an association with education using linear regression analysis with adjustment of potential confounders.ResultsAnalysis revealed an association between spherical equivalent and educational level in the univariate analysis (P < .001), and in the adjusted model (P < .001). Subjects who attend school to less than 9th grade had a mean spherical equivalent of 0.34 D, subjects with 9-11th grade -0.14 D, subjects that finished high school -0.33 D, subjects with partial college education -0.70 D, subjects that graduated from college or a higher formal education -1.22 D. Subjects that graduated from college or above were -1.47 D more myopic compared to subjects that completed less than 9th grade school in the adjusted analyses. Astigmatism and corneal curvature was not associated with education.ConclusionsMyopia is associated with higher education in the U.S. Our analysis shows that corneal curvature does not contribute to this association, therefore axial elongation or lens power are likely to contribute to myopia.

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Estimating heritability of refractive error in Koreans: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Abstract: Refractive error is influenced by common environment shared by siblings. The heritability of refractive error is higher for high myopia than for myopia or hyperopia.

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Familial Aggregation and Heritability of Myopia: A Local Population Survey in Shanxi, China

Familial Aggregation and Heritability of Myopia: A Local Population Survey in Shanxi, China

Myopia is associated with education: Results from NHANES 1999-2008

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