Estimating population size in wastewater-based epidemiology. Valencia metropolitan area as a case study

Rico, María López-Pardo; Andrés-Costa, María Jesús; Picó, Yolanda

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.079

Cited by 102 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…To ensure that the concentrations of EtS, EtG, Cot, and HCot in the sewer reactors could be measured by direct‐injection LC–MS method, prior to each batch test, the wastewater in the reactors was spiked with a standard mixture of EtS, EtG, Cot, and HCot to increase the biomarker concentrations to approximately 10, 5, 10, and 5 ng/mL, respectively. These initial concentrations were still within the range of concentrations of these compounds measured in the actual wastewater samples from previous studies …”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Due to their popular consumption and high level found in wastewater (high excretion rates), Cot and HCot have been proposed and investigated to be used as population markers . Both studies found Cot and HCot stable in wastewater‐only experiments and concluded that Cot is a suitable population marker.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These initial concentrations were still within the range of concentrations of these compounds measured in the actual wastewater samples from previous studies. 9,11,24,25 Continuous mixing was maintained in each reactor with magnetic stirrers at 250 rpm (Heidolph MR3000) during all the batch tests.…”

Section: Batch Tests For the Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential impact of the sewer system on the applicability of alcohol and tobacco biomarkers in wastewater‐based epidemiology

Banks

Lai

Mueller

et al. 2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Understanding the actual consumption of alcohol and tobacco in the population is important for forming public health policy. For this purpose, wastewater-based epidemiology has been applied as a complementary method to estimate the overall alcohol and tobacco consumption in different communities. However, the stability of their consumption biomarkers - ethyl sulfate, ethyl glucuronide, cotinine, and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine - in the sewer system has not yet been assessed. This study aimed to conduct such assessment using sewer reactors mimicking conditions of rising main, gravity sewer, and wastewater alone, over a 12-hour period. The results show that cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine are relatively stable under all sewer conditions while ethyl sulfate was only stable in wastewater alone and gradually degraded in rising main and gravity sewer conditions. Ethyl glucuronide quickly degraded in all reactors. These findings suggest that cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine are good biomarkers to estimate tobacco consumption; ethyl sulfate may be used as a biomarker to estimate alcohol consumption, but its in-sewer loss should be accounted for in the calculation of consumption estimates. Ethyl glucuronide, and probably most of glucuronide compounds, are not suitable biomarkers to be used in wastewater-based epidemiology due to their in-sewer instability.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential impact of the sewer system on the applicability of alcohol and tobacco biomarkers in wastewater‐based epidemiology

Banks

Lai

Mueller

et al. 2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…Regarding creatinine analysis, we developed a quick method that allowed the determination of creatinine in 200 mL of wastewater, achieving a LOQ 0.01 mg/L. Simple dilute and shoot creatinine methods in wastewater have been previously published [42][43][44], showing our method a similar sensitivity and specificity. The concentrations reported in our study, 0.22-2.68 mg/L, were within the range of concentrations previously reported (0.06-10.7 mg/L) [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Wastewater analysis for nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, opioids and cannabis in New York City

Centazzo

Frederick

Jacox

et al. 2019

Forensic Sciences Research

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According to current surveys and overdoses data, there is a drug crisis in the USA. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an evolving discipline that analyses wastewater samples to detect drugs and metabolites to estimate drug consumption in a certain community. This study demonstrates how drug relative presence could be tracked by testing wastewater, providing real-time results, in different boroughs in New York City throughout 1 year. We developed and fully validated two analytical methods, one for 21 drugs and metabolites, including nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, opioids and cannabis markers; and another for the normalization factor creatinine. Both methods were performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using positive electrospray ionization, achieving a limit of quantification of 5-10 ng/L for drugs and metabolites, and 0.01 mg/L for creatinine. These methods were applied to 48 one-time grab wastewater samples collected from six wastewater treatment plants in New York City (Manhattan, The Bronx, Queens and Brooklyn), eight different times throughout 2016, before and after major holidays, including Memorial Day, 4th of July, Labour Day and New Year's. In this study, the drug group normalized concentrations present in the wastewater samples, in decreasing order, were cocaine, nicotine, opioids, cannabis and amphetamines. When looking at individual compounds, the one with the highest normalized concentration was benzoylecgonine (BE), followed by cotinine, morphine and 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH). To estimate community use, these concentrations were multiplied by the corresponding correction factor, and the most present were THCCOOH, followed by BE, cotinine and morphine. When comparing the treatment plants by drug group (nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, opioids and cannabis), samples collected from The Bronx had the highest normalized concentrations for nicotine, cocaine and opioids; The Bronx and Manhattan for cannabis; and Manhattan and Queens for amphetamines. In most of the cases, no effect due to holiday was observed. This study provides the first snapshot of drug use in New York City and how that changes between key calendar dates employing wastewater analysis.

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“…Ezt nemrég egy ausztrál kutatócsoport vizsgá-latai is megerősítették, amelyek során a 2011-es népszámlálás napján vagy környé-kén gyűjtött mintákat elemezték és vetették egybe a cenzusból nyert adatokkal (Gracia-Lor et al [2017], O'Brien et al [2014]). Egy friss valenciai esettanulmányban (Rico-Andrés-Costa-Picó [2017]) pedig a minták koffein-és kotinintartalmának segítségével próbálták finomítani a népességszámra vonatkozó becslést. (A kotinin a nikotin metabolitja.)…”

Section: A Szennyvízelemzés Módszere éS Bizonytalansági Tényezőiunclassified

Multidiszciplináris eljárás a kábítószerfogyasztás mérésére: a szennyvízelemzésen alapuló drogepidemiológia. Nemzetközi vizsgálatok és adatok

Rózsa¹

2017

Statisztika szemle

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Estimating population size in wastewater-based epidemiology. Valencia metropolitan area as a case study

Cited by 102 publications

References 52 publications

Potential impact of the sewer system on the applicability of alcohol and tobacco biomarkers in wastewater‐based epidemiology

Potential impact of the sewer system on the applicability of alcohol and tobacco biomarkers in wastewater‐based epidemiology

Wastewater analysis for nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, opioids and cannabis in New York City

Multidiszciplináris eljárás a kábítószerfogyasztás mérésére: a szennyvízelemzésen alapuló drogepidemiológia. Nemzetközi vizsgálatok és adatok

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