Estimating the flexural rigidity of Arabidopsis inflorescence stems: Free-vibration test vs. three-point bending test

Nakata, Miyuki T; Nakao, Mao; Denda, Asuka; Onoda, Yusuke; Ueda, Haruko; Demura, Taku

doi:10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.1214a

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The accumulation of these lignin residues showed an opposite influence on TE collapse in both herbaceous and woody plants ( Figures 4 and 5 ) but also during TE postmortem maturation ( Supplemental Figure S6 ). We performed three-point bending flexure measurements on Arabidopsis plant stems ( Figures 6 and Supplemental Figure S8 ; Nakata et al, 2020 ). We used three different segments along the stem length, from apices to bases, to spatially separate the lignification state of TEs and other vascular cells as previously performed ( Figure 6A; Pesquet et al, 2013 ; Hoffmann et al, 2020 ; Morel et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant biomechanics and resilience to environmental changes are controlled by specific lignin chemistries in each vascular cell type and morphotype

et al. 2022

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The biopolymer lignin is deposited in the cell walls of vascular cells and is essential for long-distance water conduction and structural support in plants. Different vascular cell types contain distinct and conserved lignin chemistries, each with specific aromatic and aliphatic substitutions. Yet, the biological role of this conserved and specific lignin chemistry in each cell type remains unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of this lignin biochemical specificity for cellular functions by producing single cell analyses for three cell morphotypes of tracheary elements, which all allow sap conduction but differ in their morphology. We determined that specific lignin chemistries accumulate in each cell type. Moreover, lignin accumulated dynamically, increasing in quantity and changing in composition, to alter the cell wall biomechanics during cell maturation. For similar aromatic substitutions, residues with alcohol aliphatic functions increased stiffness whereas aldehydes increased flexibility of the cell wall. Modifying this lignin biochemical specificity and the sequence of its formation impaired the cell wall biomechanics of each morphotype and consequently hindered sap conduction and drought recovery. Together, our results demonstrate that each sap-conducting vascular cell type distinctly controls their lignin biochemistry to adjust their biomechanics and hydraulic properties to face developmental and environmental constraints.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant biomechanics and resilience to environmental changes are controlled by specific lignin chemistries in each vascular cell type and morphotype

et al. 2022

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“…We performed three point bending 昀氀exure measurements on Arabidopsis plant stems (Figs. 6 and S7;Nakata et al 2020). We used three di昀昀erent segments along the stem length, from apices to bases, to spatially separate the ligni昀椀cation state of TEs and other vascular cells as previously performed (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant biomechanics and resilience to environmental changes are controlled by specific lignin chemistries in each vascular cell type and morphotype

Ménard

Blaschek

Kriechbaum

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Lignins, abundant phenolic cell wall polymers that accumulate in vascular tissue, were essential for plant terrestrialization as they enable sap conduction and mechanical support. Although lignification is currently understood as a random process, different cell types accumulate lignins with different compositions. The biological significance of these cellular differences is however still unknown. We performed single cell analyses to decipher the specific roles of different lignins and their residues on sap conduction and mechanical strengthening in plant xylem, using inducible pluripotent cell cultures and genetically modified whole plants. We show that specific lignins dynamically accumulate in each cell type and their morphotypes using distinct genetic programs, and that different lignin residues have non-redundant roles on plant biomechanical and hydraulic properties. Lignin is therefore a dynamic polymer changing composition to tailor the load bearing and sap conduction properties of each cells, in order for plants to adapt to developmental and environmental constraints.

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“…Extensive research has been conducted in both agricultural crops and wood science, delving into the aspects of plant strength and flexibility, and their relevance in the context of construction applications 14 – 23 . Notably, recent studies have even extended to the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh, adding further insights to this area of investigation 24 . However, there have been very few studies that specifically examine the mechanical adaptations of plants to their distinctive environments 25 – 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheophytic Osmunda lancea (Osmundaceae) exhibits large flexibility in the petiole

Shiba,

Fukuda

2024

Sci Rep

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The riparian zone, found alongside rivers and streams, is a unique habitat characterized by its vulnerability to sudden floods following intense rainfall. To cope with these challenging conditions, a specific group of plants with linear and lanceolate lamina have adapted to thrive in these environments. Despite their unique ability to withstand the forceful water flow, the specific adaptive characteristics of the petioles, which support the lamina remain unknown. Our morphological, anatomical, and mechanical analyses on the petioles of Osmunda lancea (Osmundaceae) along the river and an inland sister species of O. japonica revealed that the petioles of O. lancea had a larger cell volume in subepidermal cortex and were more flexible than those of O. japonica.

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Estimating the flexural rigidity of Arabidopsis inflorescence stems: Free-vibration test vs. three-point bending test

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Plant biomechanics and resilience to environmental changes are controlled by specific lignin chemistries in each vascular cell type and morphotype

Plant biomechanics and resilience to environmental changes are controlled by specific lignin chemistries in each vascular cell type and morphotype

Plant biomechanics and resilience to environmental changes are controlled by specific lignin chemistries in each vascular cell type and morphotype

Rheophytic Osmunda lancea (Osmundaceae) exhibits large flexibility in the petiole

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