Estimating the Global Clinical Burden of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in 2007

Hay, Simon I.; Okiro, Emelda A.; Gething, Peter W.; Patil, Anand P.; Tatem, Andrew J.; Guerra, Carlos A.; Snow, Robert W.

doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000290

Cited by 315 publications

(281 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Actualmente, varios de esos países han reducido en más del 75% el número de casos, comparados con el año 2000 (1,2) . Ello podría deberse a que los esquemas actuales de tratamiento están teniendo éxito en el control de esta enfermedad.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Alelos mutantes asociados a la resistencia a cloroquina y sulfadoxina-pirimetamina en Plasmodium falciparum de las fronteras Ecuador-Perú y Ecuador-Colombia

Arróspide

Hijar-Guerra

Mora³

et al. 2014

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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RESUMENSe evaluó la frecuencia de mutaciones en los genes pfCRT y DHFR/DHPS del Plasmodium falciparum asociados a la resistencia a cloroquina y sulfadoxina-pirimetamina en 83 cepas provenientes de los distritos Esmeralda y Machala ubicados en las fronteras entre Ecuador-Perú y Ecuador-Colombia durante el año 2002. Se empleó la reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR) convencional y sus variantes. El gen pfCRT presentó más de 90% de muestras mutantes en Esmeralda y Machala. Para el gen DHFR, el 90% de las cepas fueron muestras mutantes en Esmeralda, tres fueron mutaciones dobles y una triple; en Machala se encontró 25% de formas mutantes simples y 75% de formas mixtas (formas silvestres/mutantes). En conclusión, la resistencia a cloroquina se ha fijado en las cepas portadoras de la mutación K76T pfCRT, mientras que la impronta genética a la resistencia a pirimetamina está en evolución, principalmente en el distrito de Esmeralda.Palabras clave: Plasmodium falciparum; Resistencia bacteriana a fármacos; Cloroquina; Sulfadoxina; Pirimetamina (fuente: DeCS BIREME) MUTANT ALLELES ASSOCIATED TO CHLOROQUINE AND SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHANIME RESISTANCE IN Plasmodium falciparum OF THE ECUADOR-PERU AND ECUADOR-COLOMBIA BORDERS ABSTRACTThe frequency of mutations in pfCRT and DHFR/DHPS genes of Plasmodium falciparum associated with resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was evaluated in 83 strains from the districts of Esmeralda and Machala, located on the borders of Ecuador-Peru and Ecuador-Colombia in 2002. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), conventional and its variants, was used. Mutations in the pfCRT gene were found in more than 90% of the samples from Esmeralda and Machala. For the DHFR gene, 90% of the strains were mutant samples from Esmeralda, 3 were double mutations and 1 was a triple mutation. In Machala, 25% were simple mutant forms and 75% mixed mutant forms (wild forms/mutant). In conclusion, resistance to chloroquine has been fixed in strains carrying K76T pfCRT mutation, whereas genetic imprinting for resistance to pyrimethamine is evolving, particularly in the district of Esmeralda.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Alelos mutantes asociados a la resistencia a cloroquina y sulfadoxina-pirimetamina en Plasmodium falciparum de las fronteras Ecuador-Perú y Ecuador-Colombia

Arróspide

Hijar-Guerra

Mora³

et al. 2014

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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“…Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) account for significant proportions of global human mortality and morbidity (Hay et al 2010;Bhatt et al 2013;Campbell-Lendrum et al 2015). Concerns have been growing that anthropogenic activities such as climate change, pollution, human migration, deforestation, and encroachment into previously undisturbed habitats are exacerbating VBD risk in certain parts of the world (Harvell et al 2002;Semenza and Menne 2009;Kilpatrick and Randolph 2012;Wesolowski et al 2012;Parham et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Implications of Host Biodiversity and Vector Biology: Key Insights from Simple Models

Dobson

Auld

2016

The American Naturalist

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Online enhancement: zip file. Dryad data: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.t24pq.abstract: Models used to investigate the relationship between biodiversity change and vector-borne disease risk often do not explicitly include the vector; they instead rely on a frequency-dependent transmission function to represent vector dynamics. However, differences between classes of vector (e.g., ticks and insects) can cause discrepancies in epidemiological responses to environmental change. Using a pair of disease models (mosquito-and tick-borne), we simulated substitutive and additive biodiversity change (where noncompetent hosts replaced or were added to competent hosts, respectively), while considering different relationships between vector and host densities. We found important differences between classes of vector, including an increased likelihood of amplified disease risk under additive biodiversity change in mosquito models, driven by higher vector biting rates. We also draw attention to more general phenomena, such as a negative relationship between initial infection prevalence in vectors and likelihood of dilution, and the potential for a rise in density of infected vectors to occur simultaneously with a decline in proportion of infected hosts. This has important implications; the density of infected vectors is the most valid metric for primarily zoonotic infections, while the proportion of infected hosts is more relevant for infections where humans are a primary host.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With more than 3 billion people are at risk of Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) infection, it is estimated that the disease afflicts 450 million and kills 1.5-2.7 million people each year, most of these are children under 5 years old in subSaharan Africa [2][3][4] . P. falciparum is responsible for the majority of deaths [2,4] . There are now 5 Plasmodium species that infect humans, including P. falciparum, Plasmodium Vivax(P. vivax), Plasmodium falciparum(P. falciparum), Plasmodium ovale(P. ovale), and a new comer Plasmodium knowlesi(P. knowlesi) [3,5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria parasite carbonic anhydrase: inhibition of aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides and its therapeutic potential

Krungkrai¹,

Krungkrai²

2011

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

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Estimating the Global Clinical Burden of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in 2007

Abstract: Simon Hay and colleagues derive contemporary estimates of the global clinical burden of Plasmodium falciparum malaria (the deadliest form of malaria) using cartography-based techniques.

Cited by 315 publications

References 76 publications

Alelos mutantes asociados a la resistencia a cloroquina y sulfadoxina-pirimetamina en Plasmodium falciparum de las fronteras Ecuador-Perú y Ecuador-Colombia

Alelos mutantes asociados a la resistencia a cloroquina y sulfadoxina-pirimetamina en Plasmodium falciparum de las fronteras Ecuador-Perú y Ecuador-Colombia

Epidemiological Implications of Host Biodiversity and Vector Biology: Key Insights from Simple Models

Malaria parasite carbonic anhydrase: inhibition of aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides and its therapeutic potential

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