Estimating tree Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) using an iPad Pro LiDAR sensor

Wang, Fangyi; Heenkenda, Muditha K.; Freeburn, Jason T.

doi:10.1080/2150704x.2022.2051635

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Algorithm-based circular fitting, as opposed to manual measurement of DBH, eliminates subjectivity and offers high reproducibility when the same data are used [32]. Therefore, the least squares method for CF and EF algorithms for DBH estimation was applied in this study [33].…”

Section: Estimation and Evaluation Of Dbh Using Circular Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Accuracy in Estimating Diameter at Breast Height Based on the Scanning Conditions of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Circular Fitting Algorithm

Lee,

Lee

2024

Forests

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A growing societal interest exists in the application of lidar technology to monitor forest resource information and forestry management activities. This study examined the possibility of estimating the diameter at breast height (DBH) of two tree species, Pinus koraiensis (PK) and Larix kaempferi (LK), by varying the number of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) scans (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9) and DBH estimation methods (circle fitting [CF], ellipse fitting [EF], circle fitting with RANSAC [RCF], and ellipse fitting with RANSAC [REF]). This study evaluates the combination that yields the highest estimation accuracy. The results showed that for PK, the lowest RMSE of 0.97 was achieved when REF was applied to the data from nine scans after noise removal. For LK, the lowest RMSE of 1.03 was observed when applying CF to the data from seven scans after noise removal. Furthermore, ANOVA revealed no significant difference in the estimated DBH from nine scans when more than three scans were used for CF and RCF and more than five for EF and REF. These results are expected to be useful in establishing efficient and accurate DBH estimation plans using TLS for forest resource monitoring.

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Section: Estimation and Evaluation Of Dbh Using Circular Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Accuracy in Estimating Diameter at Breast Height Based on the Scanning Conditions of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Circular Fitting Algorithm

Lee,

Lee

2024

Forests

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“…The sensors detect the frequency of the reflected light, which is then used to calculate travel time and distance to the target surface [2]. The Apple LiDAR technology has been adopted for, e.g., forensic 3D documentation [3], large animal assessments in agriculture [4] and to estimate tree diameter in the context of forest management [5]. Furthermore, 3D scanning using commercial mobile devices has proven useful for preoperative and postoperative analysis of facial structures by plastic surgeons [6], as well as the estimation of body segment parameters for biomechanical analysis [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Using Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging Technology for Contactless 3D Body Scanning and Anthropometric Assessment of Athletes

Oberhofer,

Knopfli,

Achermann

et al. 2024

Sports

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The scope of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of using the laser imaging detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology for contactless 3D body scanning of sports athletes and deriving anthropometric measurements of the lower limbs using available software. An Apple iPad Pro 3rd Generation with embedded LiDAR technology in combination with the iOS application Polycam were used. The effects of stance width, clothing, background, lighting, scan distance and measurement speed were initially assessed by scanning the lower limbs of one test person multiple times. Following these tests, the lower limbs of 12 male and 10 female participants were scanned. The resulting scans of the lower limbs were complete for half of the participants and categorized as good in quality, while the other scans were either distorted or presented missing data around the shank and/or the thigh. Bland–Altman plots between the LiDAR-based and manual anthropometric measures showed good agreement, with the coefficient of determination from correlation analysis being R2 = 0.901 for thigh length and R2 = 0.830 for shank length, respectively. The outcome of this pilot study is considered promising, and a further refinement of the proposed scanning protocol and advancement of available software for 3D reconstruction are recommended to exploit the full potential of the LiDAR technology for the contactless anthropometric assessment of athletes.

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“…Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a remote sensing technology that has previously been used to accurately estimate DBH [2][3][4][5]. A key message from this previous work was the need to acquire data from multiple perspectives due to tree stems' irregular, uneven shapes [6,7]. High site densities and significant understory vegetation have also been found to contribute to errors in estimated DBH values [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) Estimation Using an iPad Pro LiDAR Scanner: A Case Study in Boreal Forests, Ontario, Canada

Guenther,

Heenkenda,

Morris

et al. 2024

Forests

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The aim of this study was to determine whether the iPad Pro 12th generation LiDAR sensor is useful to measure tree diameter at breast height (DBH) in natural boreal forests. This is a follow-up to a previous study that was conducted in a research forest and identified the optimal method for (DBH) estimation as a circular scanning and fitting ellipses to 4 cm stem cross-sections at breast height. The iPad Pro LiDAR scanner was used to acquire point clouds for 15 sites representing a range of natural boreal forest conditions in Ontario, Canada, and estimate DBH. The secondary objective was to determine if tested stand (species composition, age, density, understory) or tree (species, DBH) factors affected the accuracy of estimated DBH. Overall, estimated DBH values were within 1 cm of actual DBH values for 78 of 133 measured trees (59%). An RMSE of 1.5 cm (8.6%) was achieved. Stand age had a large effect (>0.15) on the accuracy of estimated DBH values, while density, understory, and DBH had moderate effects (0.05–0.14). No trend was identified between accuracy and stand age. Accuracy improved as understory density decreased and as tree DBH increased. Inertial measurement unit (IMU) and positional accuracy errors with the iPad Pro scanner limit the feasibility of using this device for forest inventories.

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Estimating tree Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) using an iPad Pro LiDAR sensor

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Evaluation of Accuracy in Estimating Diameter at Breast Height Based on the Scanning Conditions of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Circular Fitting Algorithm

Evaluation of Accuracy in Estimating Diameter at Breast Height Based on the Scanning Conditions of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Circular Fitting Algorithm

Feasibility of Using Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging Technology for Contactless 3D Body Scanning and Anthropometric Assessment of Athletes

Tree Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) Estimation Using an iPad Pro LiDAR Scanner: A Case Study in Boreal Forests, Ontario, Canada

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