Estimation and comparative evaluation of tip and torque values of Saudis for bracket prescription

Abstract

Objectives The present study aimed at determining the tip and torque values of the teeth of Saudi adults with normal occlusion to develop orthodontic bracket prescription. In addition, we proposed to compare the results with published data of varied geographical distribution. Materials and Methods The study sample consisted of 60 upper and lower study models of Saudi adults (30 males and 30 females) with normal occlusion and a balanced facial profile. Evaluated by experts, the torque and tip of teeth were measured using a torque angulation device. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Inc., version 20, Chicago, IL, USA). The mean, and standard deviation were obtained for each measurement. Paired t -test, Independent t -test and student t -test were used for the comparison at a significant level of (p ≤ 0.05). Result The results of torque and tip of teeth for the Saudi adult population showed no significant differences between the right and the left quadrants of the analyzed study sample. In general, there was no significant observed difference between male and female samples, accordingly, the Saudi tip and torque data were combined. However, the comparisons of the combined Saudi data to the published data showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion Statistically Significant differences were found between the combined Saudi data when compared to North American, Italian, African, Japanese, and Indian data. We inferred, that racial differences should be considered when presenting bracket prescriptions.

Successful treatment modalities for missing lateral incisors– A systematic review

“…Anterior hypodontia has a significant effect on the Anterior- Posterior (more retrusive) and vertical skeletal (reduced) relationships as well as the interincisal angle (increased) with increasing severity of the hypodontia (Bukhary, Bukhary et al,2021 ). Therefore, a careful examination of the clinical features must be performed to obtain all information necessary for proper treatment planning( Nguyen,2010 ).…”

Estimation and comparative evaluation of teeth prominence values of Saudis for bracket prescription

“…The invention of a new orthodontic bracket by the authors requires the determination of bracket prescription ( Bukhary et al, 2018 ). In the previous study, the tip and torque for Saudi adults with normal occlusion were presented ( Bukhary et al, 2021 ). This study is a continuation to determine the prominence or in-out for bracket prescription.…”

“…The study sample include 60 sets of standardized orthodontic dental models of Saudi adults with normal occlusion. The same sets of dental models were used in our previous tip and torque prescription research ( Bukhary et al, 2021 ). The ethics and consent forms for this study were approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of King Saud University Medical City, (E-18-3072).…”

“…Orthodontist brackets are manufactured with pre-adjusted prescription values including tip, torque, and prominence to guide the mal-aligned teeth into the new correct position. In the previous article, the tip and torque for the Saudi adults were determined and, in this part, the bracket prominence will be presented ( Bukhary et al, 2021 ).…”

“…The data of this study will be compared to North American white data of Andrews (1989) , the Japanese data of Watanabe and Koga (2001) , the Indian data of Currim and Wadkar (2004) and the Italian and African data of Lombardo et al (2015) . The teeth’ prominence will be added to the previously measured tip and torque in order to build a Saudi orthodontic bracket prescription ( Bukhary et al, 2021 ).…”