Estimation of Arachidonic Acid Synthesis in Full Term Neonates Using Natural Variation of 13C Content

Demmelmair, Hans; Schenck, Ursula von; Behrendt, Eva; Sauerwald, Thorsten; Koletzko, Berthold

doi:10.1097/00005176-199507000-00005

Cited by 163 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The synthesis of these fatty acids from EFA precursors by the fetus cannot be ruled out as contributing to the high proportion of AA and DHA in fetal circulation. The capacity for the metabolic elongation and desaturation of LA and ALA to form AA and DHA, respectively, has been consistently demonstrated to occur during the first days of life in humans, including very premature preterm neonates (Demmelmair et al, 1995;Carnielli et al, 1996;Salem Jr et al, 1996;Sauerwald et al, 1997;Szitanyi et al, 1999;Uauy et al, 2000), and it has also been shown to take place in fetal baboons (Su et al, 1999(Su et al, , 2001. Placental transfer of EPA (20:5(n-3)) has not been reported despite its growth inhibitor action (Sellmayer et al, 1996), its inhibitory effect on human placental membrane binding of EFA (Dutta-Roy, 2000) and its effect in reducing the availability of AA and its metabolites by a competition effect on pathways of EFA metabolism (Dutta-Roy, 1994), all of this denoting an important and active functional activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings suggest that although the fatty acid mix delivered to the fetus is largely determined by the fatty acid composition of the maternal blood, the placenta is able to preferentially transfer AA and DHA to the fetus by a combination of several mechanisms, as has recently been reviewed (Haggarty, 2002). Furthermore, although LC-PUFA synthesis from EFA precursors has been demonstrated to occur in preterm infants as early as 26-week gestation (Uauy et al, 2000), other reports have estimated that the contribution of endogenous synthesis to the total plasma LC-PUFA pool in term neonates is small (Demmelmair et al, 1995;Szitanyi et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Relationship between plasma fatty acid profile and antioxidant vitamins during normal pregnancy

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To study the changes of plasma fatty acids and lipophilic vitamins during normal pregnancy. Design: Plasma fatty acid profile and the concentration of carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol were measured in healthy women at the first and third trimesters of pregnancy, at delivery, and in cord blood plasma. Results: Maternal plasma cholesterol and triglycerides increased from the first to the third trimester of gestation, while free fatty acids progressively increased from the first trimester through the third trimester to delivery, suggesting an enhanced lipolytic activity. Plasma levels of a-and g-tocopherols, lycopene and b-carotene also progressively increased with gestation, but values in cord blood plasma were lower than in mothers at delivery. Retinol levels declined with gestational time and values in cord blood plasma were even lower. The proportion of total saturated fatty acids increased with gestation, and it further increased in cord blood plasma. Total n-9 fatty acids remained stable throughout pregnancy, and slightly declined in cord blood plasma, the change mainly corresponding to oleic acid. Total n-6 fatty acids declined with gestation and further decreased in cord blood plasma, and a similar trend was found for linoleic acid. However, arachidonic acid declined in women at the third trimester and at delivery as compared to the first trimester, but was enhanced in cord blood plasma. The proportion of total n-3 fatty acids remained stable throughout pregnancy at the expense of decreased a-linolenic acid at delivery but enhanced eicosapentaenoic acid, with small changes in docosahexaenoic acid. The proportion of these n-3 fatty acids was similar in cord blood plasma and maternal plasma at delivery. Conclusions: Owing to the different placental transfer mechanisms and fetal capability to metabolize some of the transferred fatty acids and lipophilic vitamins, the fetus preserves the essential compounds to assure their appropriate availability to sustain its normal development and to protect itself from the oxidative stress of extrauterine life.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between plasma fatty acid profile and antioxidant vitamins during normal pregnancy

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…these children, which persists over time and could most likely be due to genetically determined differences in metabolic turnover. Considerable inter-individual differences in endogenous PUFA conversion have also been demonstrated in stable isotope studies [12,13], but these data do not reveal to which extent such differences in PUFA conversion may be due to moderating nutritional, metabolic and endocrine factors [8], or due to genetic variation.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically Determined Variation in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism May Result in Different Dietary Requirements

Koletzko

Demmelmair

Schaeffer

et al. 2008

Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series: Pediatric Program

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tissue availability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is of major relevance for health, and it depends on both dietary intake and metabolic turnover. We found close associations between variants in the human genes of ⌬5-and ⌬6-desaturase, FADS1 and FADS2, and serum phospholipid contents of PUFAs and long-chain PUFAs (LCPUFAs). Polymorphisms and reconstructed haplotypes of FADS1 and the upstream region of FADS2 showed strong associations with levels of the n-6 LC-PUFA arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). Carriers of the less common polymorphisms and their respective haplotypes also had a lower prevalence of allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema. Our data demonstrate for the first time that the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids is genetically controlled by the FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster. The investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms in this cluster explain 28% of the variance of serum phospholipid arachidonic acid and up to 12% of its precursor acids. Based on this genetic variation, individuals may require different amounts of dietary PUFAs or LC-PUFAs to achieve comparable biological effects. We strongly recommend including analyses of FADS1 and FADS2 polymorphism in future cohort and intervention studies addressing the biological effects of PUFAs and LC-PUFAs, which should enhance the sensitivity and precision of such studies.

show abstract

“…Moreover, the level of DHA in the brain cortex and liver of preterm infants who died suddenly and that had been fed with artificial formulas was lower than of those fed with human milk (Farquharson et al, 1995). Nonetheless, recent in vivo studies using LA and LNA labelled with stable isotopes in at-term newborns, preterm infants and small for date infants have demonstrated that all infants are able to synthesise LC-PUFA (Demmelmair et al, 1995;Uauy et al, 2000). However, whether the amounts of AA and DHA synthesised are able to meet the daily requirements of infants, particularly in small for date infants, who exhibit the lowest rate of synthesis, is currently unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in infant nutrition

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To review briefly the influence of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) on tissue composition and functionality in early infancy. Moreover, the influences of LC-PUFA sources on plasma composition as well as the effects of these fatty acids on intestinal repair after malnutrition are discussed. Results: Human milk not only supplies essential fatty acids but also contains up to 2% of the total fatty acids as LC-PUFA, of which arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are considered the most important. Plasma and erythrocyte levels of both AA and DHA are decreased in infants fed artificial standard milk formulae. However, the supplementation of formulae with these fatty acids in amounts close to that of human milk leads to tissue LC-PUFA patterns similar to those of breast-fed infants. However, the bioavailability of LC-PUFA depends on the typical LC-PUFA source; egg phospholipids increases both AA and DHA in plasma phospholipids and HDL more than a mixture of tuna and fungal triglycerides. Conclusions: Dietary LC-PUFA affects positively the growth and development of the infant and ameliorates the visual and cognitive functions, particularly in preterm infants. Likewise, LC-PUFA improves intestinal repair in severe protein-energy malnutrition; therefore, its qualitative and quantitative dietary supply should be considered.

show abstract

Estimation of Arachidonic Acid Synthesis in Full Term Neonates Using Natural Variation of 13C Content

Cited by 163 publications

References 0 publications

Relationship between plasma fatty acid profile and antioxidant vitamins during normal pregnancy

Relationship between plasma fatty acid profile and antioxidant vitamins during normal pregnancy

Genetically Determined Variation in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism May Result in Different Dietary Requirements

Role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in infant nutrition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About