Estimation of Glucose Uptake by Ovarian Follicular Cells

Clark, Alys R.; Stokes, Yvonne M.; Thompson, Jeremy G.

doi:10.1007/s10439-011-0353-y

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In cows that have commenced oestrous cycles, this could potentially affect oestradiol production by follicles as well as progesterone production by corpora lutea. Low blood glucose could potentially compromise a variety of essential metabolic processes in ovarian cells including oocytes that depend on glucose for energy (Clark et al, 2011;Berlinguer et al, 2012). In their recent study of bovine follicles, Walsh et al (2012) concluded that STAR gene expression (the rate limiting enzyme in steroidogenesis) was specifically down-regulated by the metabolic profile found in early lactation (low glucose, insulin and IGF1).…”

Section: Itemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine and metabolic mechanisms linking postpartum glucose with early embryonic and foetal development in dairy cows

Lucy

Butler

Garverick

2014

Animal

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Milk and milk solids production per cow is increasing annually in dairy systems. Peak milk production is in early lactation when the uterus and ovary are recovering from the previous pregnancy. The competing processes of milk production and restoration of reproductive function can be at odds, particularly if unique homeorhetic mechanisms that typify early lactation become imbalanced and cows experience metabolic disease. Homeorhesis leads to an increase in the synthesis of glucose that is irreversibly lost to milk lactose. Irreversible loss of glucose during lactation can invoke an endocrine and metabolic state that impinges upon postpartum uterine health, oestrous cyclicity and subsequent establishment of pregnancy. The first 30 days postpartum may be most critical in terms of the impact that metabolites and metabolic hormones have on reproduction. Depressed immune function caused in part by the postpartum metabolic profile leads to a failure in uterine involution and uterine disease. Oestrous cyclicity (interval to first ovulation and subsequent periodicity) is affected by the same hormones and metabolites that control postpartum immune function. Slower growth of the embryo or foetus perhaps explained by the unique metabolic profile during lactation may predispose cows to pregnancy loss. Understanding homeorhetic mechanisms that involve glucose and collectively affect postpartum uterine health, oestrous cyclicity and the establishment of pregnancy should lead to methods to improve postpartum fertility in dairy cows.Keywords: glucose, IGF1, insulin, pregnancy, dairy cow ImplicationsCompeting processes of milk production and reproduction can be at odds in dairy cows, particularly if the unique metabolic processes that typify early lactation become imbalanced. A potential end result is that cows do not become pregnant during the breeding period. The need to replace infertile cows adds to the cost of production. Understanding basic mechanisms that link the first 60 days of lactation with the subsequent success or failure of establishing pregnancy during the breeding period, therefore, is an important area of research for the dairy industry. IntroductionWithin most dairy production systems, milk or milk solids production per cow is increasing annually. The average United States dairy cow, for example, produces in excess of 9500 kg of milk annually. Peak milk production is in early lactation (within 30 to 60 days after calving) when the uterus is involuting and the ovary is restoring the cyclic processes that lead to oestrus, ovulation, and the formation of a corpus luteum. Competing processes of milk production, uterine involution, and the restoration of ovarian activity can be at odds, particularly if the unique homeorhetic processes that typify early lactation become imbalanced and there is metabolic disease. A potential end result of the competition between high milk production and the reproductive system is that cows do not become pregnant during the breeding period which is typically initiated at~60 days after...

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Section: Itemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine and metabolic mechanisms linking postpartum glucose with early embryonic and foetal development in dairy cows

Lucy

Butler

Garverick

2014

Animal

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“…However, the spatial and temporal resolution of these methods is not high, and they require cell destruction. On the other hand, given that the intimate interconnection between cumulus cells and the oocyte could be critical for glucose uptake by the oocyte, it is important to include an examination of the live COC as a whole (as opposed to the isolated oocyte) (8). Hence, instead of using an isotope, we here employed a fluorescent glucose derivative (6-NBDG) to directly visualize glucose transport in live mouse COCs.…”

Section: Time Course Of 6-nbdg Uptake In Cocsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An intercellular pathway for glucose transport into mouse oocytes

Wang

M-Y

Schedl

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Glucose is an essential nutrient for mammalian cells. Emerging evidence suggests that glucose within the oocyte regulates meiotic maturation. However, it remains controversial as to whether, and if so how, glucose enters oocytes within cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). We used a fluorescent glucose derivative (6-NBDG) to trace glucose transport within live mouse COCs and employed inhibitors of glucose transporters (GLUTs) and gap junction proteins to examine their distinct roles in glucose uptake by cumulus cells and the oocyte. We showed that fluorescent glucose enters both cumulus-enclosed and denuded oocytes. Treating COCs with GLUT inhibitors leads to simultaneous decreases in glucose uptake in cumulus cells and the surrounded oocyte but no effect on denuded oocytes. Pharmacological blockade of of gap junctions between the oocyte and cumulus cells significantly inhibited fluorescent glucose transport to oocytes. Moreover, we find that both in vivo hyperglycemic environment and in vitro high-glucose culture increase free glucose levels in oocytes via gap junctional channels. These findings reveal an intercellular pathway for glucose transport into oocytes: glucose is taken up by cumulus cells via the GLUT system and then transferred into the oocyte through gap junctions. This intercellular pathway may partly mediate the effects of high-glucose condition on oocyte quality.

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“…With the observation that generally static in vitro culture conditions may not provide enough oxygen to the embryo compared with dynamic in vivo conditions where the fluid in the oviduct is mixed during muscle contraction and cilia beating. The structure of this model was similar to a previous model of the immature ovarian follicle, and to more recent models of nutrient availability of the oocyte . The model predicted that diffusion in static culture was sufficient to provide the embryo with the oxygen it requires for development.…”

Section: Postfertilization and Early Embryonic Stagesmentioning

confidence: 67%

Mathematical modeling of the female reproductive system: from oocyte to delivery

Clark

Kruger

2016

WIREs Mechanisms of Disease

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From ovulation to delivery, and through the menstrual cycle, the female reproductive system undergoes many dynamic changes to provide an optimal environment for the embryo to implant, and to develop successfully. It is difficult ethically and practically to observe the system over the timescales involved in growth and development (often hours to days). Even in carefully monitored conditions clinicians and biologists can only see snapshots of the development process. Mathematical models are emerging as a key means to supplement our knowledge of the reproductive process, and to tease apart complexity in the reproductive system. These models have been used successfully to test existing hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of female infertility and pathological fetal development, and also to provide new experimentally testable hypotheses regarding the process of development. This new knowledge has allowed for improvements in assisted reproductive technologies and is moving toward translation to clinical practice via multiscale assessments of the dynamics of ovulation, development in pregnancy, and the timing and mechanics of delivery. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1353. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1353 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

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Estimation of Glucose Uptake by Ovarian Follicular Cells

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Endocrine and metabolic mechanisms linking postpartum glucose with early embryonic and foetal development in dairy cows

Endocrine and metabolic mechanisms linking postpartum glucose with early embryonic and foetal development in dairy cows

An intercellular pathway for glucose transport into mouse oocytes

Mathematical modeling of the female reproductive system: from oocyte to delivery

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