“…Swelling occurs when the water content increases, while shrinking occurs when the water content decreases. Non-uniform settlements in the soil under buildings and in soil subject to air desiccation can damage building foundations (Abdelmalak, 2007;Jahangir, Deck, & Masrouri, 2011, 2012Maisa, Kleeman, & Melchers, 2004;Nelson & Miller, 1992). Moreover, drying increases tensile stresses that can locally exceed the soil's tensile strength, which leads to the initiation of cracks (Konrad & Ayad, 1997).…”